FNAC findings of head and neck lesions in our Institute- A 3 year retrospective study

Background: There are several lesions of the head and neck region which are routinely encountered by different clinicians in patients among all age groups and diagnoses varies from benign lesions to malignancies. To identify these lesions, various diagnostic tools such as FNACs are being used which help the clinicians in a great way.Methods: This is a retrospective study done from August 2016 to October 2019 in a tertiary care hospital. All cases received in Department of Pathology were included in this study. It included a total of 310 cases. FNAC (including USG guided) were done from palpable masses of head and neck regions preferably from thyroid and breast lumps. Data entry and analysis were done using SPSS version 20.Results: A total of 310 patients who underwent FNAC of the head and neck region were included in this study. Maximum number of patients were in the age group of 21 to 30 years i.e. 85(27.42%) . In this study, 273(91.30%) cases were benign and 26(8.70%) cases were malignant lesions with aspirates from lymph nodes being the maximum. In our study, majority of the thyroid lesions 111(92.5%) belong to benign category II.Conclusion: It is concluded that FNAC proves to be a first line of investigation in the diagnosis of head and neck swellings. Here, most of the swellings occurred in the head and neck region. Thyroid FNA smears were also reported using the Bethesda system which helped in achieving more precise cytological diagnosis

A study on Knowledge and Awareness about Blood Donation among Undergraduate Medical Students in a Tertiary Care Centre in Haryana, India

Introduction :This study was undertaken to study Knowledge and Awareness about Blood Donation among Undergraduate Medical Students which would serve the dual purpose of stimulating the curiosity of medical students about safe blood bank practises and at the same time lets the teaching staff know about those areas of the subject where they need to focus while teaching the students. There is paucity of studies on this subject in Northern India. Material & Methods :The study was conducted on 150 2nd year MBBS students of 2017 entrance batch of this tertiary care centre by the Department of Pathology. A questionnaire covering various aspects of blood donation was prepared. The answers were analysed to know the particular areas where the teachers need to focus while educating the students on the subject of blood donation. Scoring was done out of maximum 20 marks. Results :18 students scored between 5 and 10 marks. 115 students scored between 10 and 15 marks and 17 scored between 15 and 20 marks. The students showed good knowledge about blood donor requirements, preservation of donated blood and about mismatched transfusions. However, they showed lack of knowledge in fields of transfusion transmissible infections, blood fractions and sophisticated blood banking procedures. Conclusions :Assessing the knowledge of medical students about blood transfusion through questionnaire serves the dual purpose of stimulating the curiosity of medical students about safe blood bank practises and at the same time lets the teaching staff know about those areas of the subject where they need to focus while teaching the students

Histopathological Spectrum of Gall Bladder Diseases: A Three-Year Retrospective Study in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital in Haryana, North India

Background: Gallstones is the most common condition leading to cholecystectomy with a prevalence within India ranging from 2% to 29%. Long standing cases can induce mucosal changes in gall bladder mucosaranging from chronic cholecystitis, metaplasia, dysplasia and finally carcinoma gall bladder. Although malignancy is the most important condition to be ruled out on histopathology, it is important to understand the intermediate pathologies leading to this.Aim:1)To study the histomorphological spectrum of diseases affecting gall bladder in rural population of Haryana. 2)To identify the frequency of gall bladder carcinoma in this region of Haryana and its demographic correlation with other studies. Material methods: This was a 3 year retrospective study conducted in Department of pathology, Adesh medical college, Shahabad(M), Kurukshetrafrom a period of December 2016 to December 2019. Results were compiled into non neoplastic, pre-neoplastic and neoplastic category to study the spectrum of lesions in gall bladder specimens. Data collected was analyzed using (SPSS) v. 20.0 software. Results:Most of the histopathological changes were found in female gender with associated multiple mixed stones. Overall and among non-neoplastic category chronic cholecystitis was thecommonest pathology.Incidence of carcinoma was low (0.4%) as compared to studies from different regions of country.Conclusion:Present study provides an insight into the incidence, clinical profile and association of gall bladder conditions with gall stones in a tertiary care center serving the rural population of Haryana, North India