Strain induced coherent dynamics of coupled carriers and Mn spins in a quantum dot

We report on the coherent dynamics of the spin of an individual magnetic atom coupled to carriers in a semiconductor quantum dot which has been investigated by resonant photoluminescence of the positively charged exciton (X+). We demonstrate that a positively charged CdTe/ZnTe quantum dot doped with a single Mn atom forms an ensemble of optical Lambda systems which can be addressed independently. We show that the spin dynamics of the X+Mn complex is dominated by the electron-Mn exchange interaction and report on the coherent dynamics of the electron-Mn spin system that is directly observed in the time domain. Quantum beats reflecting the coherent transfer of population between electron-Mn spin states, which are mixed by an anisotropic strain in the plane of the quantum dot, are clearly observed. We finally highlight that this strain induced coherent coupling is tunable with an external magnetic field

Resonant photoluminescence and dynamics of a hybrid Mn-hole spin in a positively charged magnetic quantum dot

We analyze, through resonant photoluminescence, the spin dynamics of an individual magnetic atom (Mn) coupled to a hole in a semiconductor quantum dot. The hybrid Mn-hole spin and the positively charged exciton in a CdTe/ZnTe quantum dot forms an ensemble of $\Lambda$ systems which can be addressed optically. Auto-correlation of the resonant photoluminescence and resonant optical pumping experiments are used to study the spin relaxation channels in this multilevel spin system. We identified for the hybrid Mn-hole spin an efficient relaxation channel driven by the interplay of the Mn-hole exchange interaction and the coupling to acoustic phonons. We also show that the optical $\Lambda$ systems are connected through inefficient spin-flips than can be enhanced under weak transverse magnetic field. The dynamics of the resonant photoluminescence in a p-doped magnetic quantum dot is well described by a complete rate equation model. Our results suggest that long lived hybrid Mn-hole spin could be obtained in quantum dot systems with large heavy-hole/light-hole splitting

El auge de los 'stickers' en WhatsApp y la evolución de la comunicación digital

Los stickers (también llamados ‘pegatinas’) son pequeñas imágenes o animaciones que complementan las interacciones digitales en WhatsApp u otras aplicaciones de mensajería instantánea. Debido a su gran popularidad, según Konrad et al. (2020) en un futuro reemplazarán a los emojis. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una encuesta llevada a cabo entre jóvenes (en su mayoría estudiantes de universidades españolas), con el fin de analizar el éxito de los stickers, los motivos de su popularidad y el posible cambio lingüístico al que estamos asistiendo en la interacción multimodal por mensajería instantánea. Los resultados indican que los emojis siguen siendo el recurso visual más usado en WhatsApp, pero la juventud muestra una marcada preferencia por los stickers. Estos se emplean sobre todo porque se consideran divertidos y se aprecia también la posibilidad de personalizarlos. Asimismo, los stickers recopilados para este trabajo tienen características en común con algunos géneros de memes humorísticos. Finalmente, se interpretan estos resultados como una muestra de cambio lingüístico en la comunicación digital.Stickers are small images or animations that accompany digital interactions on WhatsApp or other instant messaging applications. Given their growing use, Konrad et al. (2020) consider that they may eventually replace the usage of emojis. This paper analyses the popularity of stickers among young people, the causes that led to their acceptance, and potential linguistic changes currently occurring in digital communication. The survey was conducted among young people (mostly university students) in Spain. According to the results, emojis are still the most popular visual resource on WhatsApp, though young people strongly prefer stickers. These are used primarily because they are perceived as funny and can be customised. Additionally, the stickers compiled for this paper show attributes in common with some genres of humorous memes. These results are finally interpreted in the framework of linguistic change

Leyre Ruiz de Zarobe y Yolanda Ruiz de Zarobe (Ed.) (2013): Enseñar hoy una lengua extranjera

El campo de la enseñanza y aprendizaje de idiomas ha vivido una verdadera revolución en los últimos años, que ha llevado a una modificación profunda tanto de las metodologías de enseñanza como de la actitud de los alumnos. Indudablemente, ser docente y ser alumno de lenguas extranjeras es más fácil hoy en día por las herramientas tecnológicas y la gran cantidad de recursos de aprendizaje disponibles fuera del aula. En este contexto de renovación de la disciplina, el volumen editado por Leyre y Yolanda Ruiz de Zarobe pretende ser un instrumento útil a una gran variedad de colectivos, desde alumnos, hasta docentes e investigadores interesados en qué significa enseñar una lengua extranjera hoy en día

Emoji and rapport management in Spanish WhatsApp chats

Emoji are a set of pictographs available on several electronic platforms and applications, which are gradually replacing emoticons (sequences of punctuation marks representing facial expressions). Over the last decade, researchers have proposed that emoticons not only convey emotional content in computer-mediated communication, but they may also perform pragmatic functions, such as signaling the illocutionary force of the utterance (Dresner and Herring, 2010), mitigating threatening formulations (Wilson, 1993), or strengthening expressive speech acts (Skovholt et al., 2014). Despite their growing popularity, little pragmatic research to date specifically addresses emoji. The present paper bridges this gap by exploring the functions of emoji in a corpus of WhatsApp chats written in Spanish. Drawing on Spencer-Oatey's (2000, 2005) rapport management framework, the analysis shows that emoji are used across different domains in the corpus: they not only upgrade or downgrade different speech acts (illocutionary domain), as pointed out by previous research, but they also contribute to achieving a successful interaction by signaling closing sections or by helping to negotiate openings (discourse domain), as well as serving as a way to frame playful interactions (stylistic domain). This study also shows that some practices related to the use of emoji may be influenced by Spanish culture

Emoticonos y multimodalidad. El uso del pulgar hacia arriba en WhatsApp

El presente trabajo propone una aproximación multimodal al estudio de los emoticonos a través del análisis del uso del emoji del pulgar hacia arriba en un corpus de mensajes de WhatsApp. Además de contribuir a superar la idea, todavía muy arraigada, de que los emoticonos sirven para expresar emociones en el discurso digital, el trabajo toma en consideración algunos aspectos tradicionalmente obviados en el estudio sobre estas pequeñas caras, en concreto, la historia que hay detrás de estos recursos semióticos, la sofisticada relación entre imagen y texto y la interacción entre los usuarios en la vida real y en la pantalla.In the present paper a multimodal approach to the study of emoticons is proposed by analyzing the use of the thumbs-up emoji in a corpus of WhatsApp messages. One of the main aims of the paper is to overcome the idea, still deeply rooted, that emoticons are used to express emotions in digital communication. Moreover, this study takes into account some aspects traditionally overlooked in the research on emoticons, namely the history of these semiotic resources, the sophisticated relations between image and text and the interaction among users in real life and on screen

The Use of the 'Face with Tears of Joy' Emoji on WhatsApp: A Conversation-Analytical Approach

‘Face with tears of joy’ (1F602), a face laughing so hard that it cries, is one of the most popular emojis on many platforms. This paper analyzes the use of this pictograph in a corpus of dyadic WhatsApp chats using digital conversation analysis. In particular, it compares the use of this emoji on WhatsApp with the sequence organization of laughter in face-to-face interaction. Two patterns of use are found: when placed at the end of the utterance, the emoji ‘face with tears of joy’ usually signals the ‘laughable’ and indexes an invitation to laugh, while the acceptance of the invitation is usually performed by repeated ‘face with tears of joy’ emojis standing alone. Besides contributing to literature on the interactional functions of emojis, these findings have implications in training automatic emoji classifiers or in improving social media marketing and chatbot systems

Enfermedad Mental y Violencia en los Medios de Comunicación. ¿Una asociación ilícita?

En este artículo se pretende responder a diversos interrogantes que surgen cuando se considera la manera como la enfermedad mental se presenta en los medios de comunicación asociada a la violencia. Para ello, se realizó una revisión de la literatura, incluyendo 81 investigaciones originales o revisiones previas, intentando comprender cuáles son las significaciones que los medios atribuyen a la enfermedad mental y porqué los/as investigadores/as consideran que estas significaciones son inadecuadas y estigmatizantes. A su vez, se analizó qué dicen las investigaciones respecto a la existencia o no de esta asociación fuera de los medios de comunicación. Y, finalmente, se examinaron diversos trabajos que explican las estrategias desplegadas por los medios para construir esta asociación.La revisión permite concluir que las significaciones atribuidas desde los medios, aunque contradicen las opiniones de profesionales y expertos, son efectivas y funcionales para los criterios comercialesIn this article we hope to respond to the various questions that arise when one considers the way in which the media presents mental illness associated with violence. To do so, a literature review was undertaken, including 81 original studies or previous reviews, in an attempt to understand what are the meanings that the media attributes to mental illness and why the researchers consider these meanings to be inadequate and stigmatizing. At the same time, what the research says with respect to the existence, or non-existence, of this association outside of the media was also analyzed. And, finally, different studies were examined that explain the strategies used by the media to construct this association. The review allows us to conclude that the meanings attributed by the media, even if they contradict the opinions of professionals and experts, are effective and functional for commercial criteri

Mental Illness and Violence in the Media. An Illicit Association?

In this article we hope to respond to the various questions that arise when one considers the way in which the media presents mental illness associated with violence. To do so, a literature review was undertaken, including 81 original studies or previous reviews, in an attempt to understand what are the meanings that the media attributes to mental illness and why the researchers consider these meanings to be inadequate and stigmatizing. At the same time, what the research says with respect to the existence, or non-existence, of this association outside of the media was also analyzed. And, finally, different studies were examined that explain the strategies used by the media to construct this association. The review allows us to conclude that the meanings attributed by the media, even if they contradict the opinions of professionals and experts, are effective and functional for commercial criteriaEn este artículo se pretende responder a diversos interrogantes que surgen cuando se considera la manera como la enfermedad mental se presenta en los medios de comunicación asociada a la violencia. Para ello, se realizó una revisión de la literatura, incluyendo 81 investigaciones originales o revisiones previas, intentando comprender cuáles son las significaciones que los medios atribuyen a la enfermedad mental y porqué los/as investigadores/as consideran que estas significaciones son inadecuadas y estigmatizantes. A su vez, se analizó qué dicen las investigaciones respecto a la existencia o no de esta asociación fuera de los medios de comunicación. Y, finalmente, se examinaron diversos trabajos que explican las estrategias desplegadas por los medios para construir esta asociación.La revisión permite concluir que las significaciones atribuidas desde los medios, aunque contradicen las opiniones de profesionales y expertos, son efectivas y funcionales para los criterios comerciale