CODATA and global challenges in data-driven science

This synthesis report presents the scientific results of the international conference "Global Challenges and Data-Driven Science" which took place in St. Petersburg, Russian Federation from 8 October to 13 October 2017. This event facilitated multidisciplinary scientific dialogue between leading scientists, data managers and experts, as well as Big Data researchers of various fields of knowledge. The St. Petersburg conference covered a wide range of topics related to data science. It featured discussions covering the collection and processing of large amounts of data, the implementation of system analysis methods into data science, machine learning, data mining, pattern recognition, decision-making robotics and algorithms of artificial intelligence. The conference was an outstanding event in the field of scientific diplomacy and brought together more than 150 participants from 35 countries. It's success ensured the effective data science dialog between nations and continents and established a new platform for future collaboration

Dry skin syndrom (DSS)

The aim of the study - to consider the clinical aspects of dry skin, as well as methods for moisturizing and rehabilitating the skin in accordance with the international methodological standard of dermatovenereology and cosmetology.Цель исследования - рассмотреть клинические аспекты сухости кожи, а также методы ее увлажнения и реабилитации кожных покровов в соответствии с международным методологическим стандартом дерматовенерологии и косметологии

Comparison of adherent and non-adherent cell phenotypes of breast carcinoma cultures. Ural medical journal

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the method of culturing BC cells on the ability of cells to preserve the epithelial phenotype.Цель исследования – определить влияние методики культивирования клеток КМЖ на способность клеток сохранять эпителиальный фенотип

Fixed-dose combinations in the treatment of hypertension to increase adherence

Despite a wide range of antihypertensive drugs, blood pressure (BP) control often remains unsatisfactory, and every year the number of people with uncontrolled high BP increases. One of the strategies aimed at improving medical adherence is the use of fixed-dose combinations of 2 antihypertensive drugs for starting therapy, and, if necessary, 3 drugs. Initiation of therapy with 2 drugs in one tablet is recommended for most patients. A review of algorithms for choosing combinations of antihypertensive drugs in different clinical situations, including in patients with various comorbid conditions, is presented. Simplification of treatment regimens makes it possible to choose the most optimal solutions in various clinical situations, in particular, with stage I-II hypertension, with a combination of hypertension with chronic kidney disease, as well as with a combination of hypertension with coronary artery disease and a number of other diseases

Myofascial pain syndrome: risk factors, diagnosis and local therapy

One of the main reasons for seeking medical help is myofascial syndrome (MFS), which is manifested by local inflammation with elements of degenerative changes in the affected tissue, pain and muscle spasm due to dysfunctional disorders in the nociceptive system and a decrease in the quality of life. This review discusses etiopathogenesis in detail, taking into account the factors predisposing to the development of MFS, which are divided into anatomical, ergonomic, medical and psychosocial, and also provides diagnostic criteria for pain MFS, including 5 large and 3 small criteria necessary for diagnosis. The second part of the review examines the indications, efficacy, safety, and benefits of topical forms of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which have a moderate effect on pain, but have a much better safety profile due to reduced systemic absorption. The use of topical drugs allows you to create an effective concentration of the drug directly in the lesion and avoid undesirable systemic effects. Experts strongly recommend prescribing primarily topical, rather than oral, NSAIDs to patients aged 65 years and older who have concomitant cardiovascular and renal pathology, as well as diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In more detail, the review examines topical forms of diclofenac, which differ in the maximum degree of transdermal penetration compared to other NSAIDs and the effect of slow release of the active substance into the surrounding tissues

The state in search of intellectual resources: The image of scientist in the perception of Russians

Under global challenges, the Russian state looks for ways to develop the national intellectual potential as a guarantee of technological sovereignty and country’s competitiveness. National research universities are supported, grant mechanisms for research activities are implemented, and programs for attracting and promoting young scientists are adopted. However, some objective indicators show persistent problems in the academic sphere: the number of research staff declines; “brain drain” continues; the number of graduate students and people who defended the thesis is not enough to solve the key problems of the state. The article considers social representations of the prestige of the scientific profession and the image of the scientist as factors that have a negative impact on human resources in the academic field. The research consisted of two stages: 1) 21 focus groups in 7 large Russian cities to identify the prestige of the scientific profession among three generations; 2) 207 interviews with students of Moscow universities (as the main source of personnel for scientific activities) to get a more detailed understanding of the image of the scientist. According to the results of the study, none of three Russian generations consider the profession of the scientist prestigious (inferior to politicians, businessmen, artists, bloggers, and IT specialists). The youth feel social injustice more acutely: they note the exceptional importance of scientists for national development, outstanding intelligence and complexity of this profession, but consider scientists an undervalued and low-income group. The image of the scientist is extremely distanced from the youth and is not an attractive vector of social mobility. One of the key reasons for the current situation is the absence of scientists in the Russian information space. Neither on television, nor in cinema or on social networks the image of the scientist is attractive to younger generations. If efforts are not made to eliminate this contradiction, the shortage of personnel in science will worsen, which would jeopardize the implementation of Russia’s national development plan

ANALYSIS OF CHEESES MADE BY WASTE-FREE TECHNOLOGY

The growing scarcity of resources and insufficient consumption of protein products by the majority of the world's population contributes to the rational use of all resources. Secondary milk raw materials are a source of protein and require mandatory processing. The study was aimed at developing a rational waste-free technology for processing raw milk into cheeses with high nutritional value and low cost. For research, three samples of cheeses were made: sample 1 - based on milk; sample 2 - based on cheese whey (0.3% citric acid solution was used for coagulation); sample 3 (caramel) - from a mixture of milk and whey (without curdling). Standard methods were used to determine organoleptic, physicochemical parameters. The nutritional value of the products was calculated according to the physicochemical parameters established during the study (mass fraction of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates). The proposed waste-free technology can be implemented in any cheese factory for the production of soft and hard cheeses. Products derived from whey are somewhat inferior in amino acid composition but have a relatively high value and organoleptic properties inherent in cheeses made from milk. The use of a citric acid solution for curdling makes it possible to reduce the duration of the process by 30 minutes and increase the yield of cheese by 5–7%. An evaluation of the organoleptic characteristics of the property showed that the cheese made from milk and whey does not differ. Cheese made from milk contains the largest mass fraction of proteins (17.2 g / 100g) and fats (20 g / 100g), the largest amount of carbohydrates is cheese based on a mixture of whey and milk (49 g / 100g). Cheese is made from whey and has the lowest energy value (88.14 kcal). At the same time, the mass fraction of proteins in this cheese is higher than in cheese made from a mixture of whey and milk (sample 3). The results of the study of the amino acid composition showed that all cheeses have the same qualitative amino acid composition. According to the quantitative composition of amino acids, cheeses made from milk have the highest biological value

Working Position with Rearrangeable Production Systems.

Селиванов Александр Сергеевич, кандидат технических наук, директор института Машиностроения, Тольяттинский государственный университет, г. Тольятти, [email protected]. Горшков Борис Михайлович, доктор технических наук, заведующий кафедрой «Сервис технических и технологических систем», Поволжский государственный университет сервиса, г. Тольятти, [email protected]. Самохина Наталья Станиславовна, кандидат технических наук, старший преподаватель кафедры «Информационный и электронный сервис», Поволжский государственный университет сервиса, г. Тольятти, [email protected]. A.S. Selivanov1, [email protected], B.M. Gorshkov2, [email protected], N.S. Samokhina2, [email protected], A.A. Lukyanov1, [email protected], O.O. Levitskih3, [email protected], M.M. Tverskoy4, [email protected] 1Togliatti State University, Togliatti, Russian Federation, 2Volga Region State University of Service, Togliatti, Russian Federation, 3Samara Scientific Center RAS, Samara, Russian Federation, 4South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian FederationВысокие требования по скорости переналадки и надежности обеспечения качества продукции для современного производства требуют новых принципов построения производственных систем. Высокая производительность и гибкость при различной номенклатуре производства может обеспечиваться за счет применения перекомпонуемых производственных систем. Данные системы объединяют преимущества агрегатных станков и обрабатывающих центров за счет конструктивных особенностей, описанных в данной статье. Приведены виды узлов и элементов системы в скомпанованном и дескомпанованном состоянии. Разработаны алгоритмы и схемы функционирования ярусов перекомпонуемых рабочих позиций (ПРП) в сравнении с рабочими позициями автоматических линий (РПАЛ). Сформулирована формула определения средней наработки до отказа ПРП. Проведена визуализация элемента системы и схема элемента системы – межмодульного элемента базирования (МУБК). Определены комплексные показатели эксплуатационной надежности ПРП одновременно по частным и комплексным показателям безотказности и ремонтопригодности с учетом особенностей функционирования и конструкции ПРП в сравнении с РПАЛ. Разработаны методики определения показателей безотказности и ремонтопригодности, учитывающие конструктивные и функциональные особенности ПРП в условиях многономенклатурного производства, основанные на значениях эксплуатационной надежности РПАЛ. Разработанные решения соответствуют направлениям развития современного машиностроительного производства и стратегии развития РФ. В условиях действующего машиностроительного предприятия точность оценки экономического эффекта требует применения робастных расчётных моделей, реализованных не только в виде алгоритмов, но и программ. В дальнейшем планируется разработать специальное программное обеспечение, позволяющее определить надежность перекомпонуемой рабочей позиции относительно позиции с жесткой межагрегатной связью. High standards for changeover speed and product quality assurance of modern production require new principles for constructing production systems. High productivity and flexibility with a different range of production type can be achieved by using rearrangeable production systems. These systems combine the advantages of aggregate machines and machining centres due to the design features described in this article. The types of assemblies and system elements in the arranged and disarranged state are presented. Algorithms and schemes for the functioning of rearrangeable working positions (RWP) were developed in comparison with the working positions of automatic lines (WPAL).An equation for determining the mean time to failure of the RWP was derived. A system element and its scheme – the intermodular locating element (ILE) – were visualized. Complex factors of the RWP operational reliability were determined according to the particular and complex factors of reliability and maintainability which take into account the features of RWP operation and design in comparison with the WPAL. Methods for determining the reliability and maintainability factors were developed. These methods take into account the structural and functional features of RWP in multiproduct production and are based on the operational reliability of the WPL. The developed solutions correspond to the development trends in modern machine-building production and the development strategy of the Russian Federation. In the conditions of an operating machine-building enterprise, the accuracy of estimating the economic effect requires the use of robust design models implemented both in algorithms anin programs. In future, we plan to develop special software which would allow us to determine the reliability of the rearrangeable working position with respect to the working position with a rigid interaggregate connection