УЧАСТЬ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІВ У РЕГІОНАЛЬНИХ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ ЕКОСИСТЕМАХ, ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКІЙ ДОСВІД

Implementation of a «smart» city elements is a serious challenge for all cities of Ukraine, as the competitiveness of cities will determine their development or stagnation in the future. With a purpose to addressing the transformation of cities into «smart» cities, development strategies and new institutions are set up to initiate and transform various elements of the city’s ecosystems in accordance with the challenges of today.An analysis of the best practices of the«smart» cities of the European Union, not only the practical aspect but also the theoretical principles used by the city leaders in the region to form effective innovative ecosystems, is relevant not only for scientists but also for employees of regional development agencies of Ukraine.The purpose of the article is to review the best practices of a higher education institutions participation in regional innovative ecosystems.The article gives an overview of theoretical principles for the formation of effective innovative ecosystems and the necessary actions of state regulators, as well as local self-government bodies.Also, reviewed regulatory acts on the creation of innovative ecosystems and«smart» cities in the European Union.Внедрение элементов «умного» города является серьезным вызовом для всех городов Украины, поскольку конкурентоспособность городов будет определять их развитие или стагнацию в будущем. С целью комплексного решения преобразования городов в «умные» создаются стратегии развития и новые институты, которые призваны начинать и трансформировать различные элементы экосистемы города в соответствии с вызовами современности.Проведение анализа передового опыта «умных» городов Европейского Союза, при этом не только практического аспекта но и теоретических основ используемых городами лидерами в регионе для формирования эффективных инновационных экосистем, является актуальным не только для учених, но и для сотрудников региональных агентств развития Украины.Целью статьи является обзор передовых практик участия высших учебных заведений в инновационных экосистемах. В статье представлен обзор теоретических основ по формированию эффективных инновационных экосистем, также рассмотрены необходимые действия государственных регуляторов, а также органов местного самоуправления. Отдельно рассмотрены регуляторные акты по созданию инновационных экосистем и «умных» городов Европейского Союза.Впровадження елементів «розумного» міста є серйозним викликом для всіх міст України, оскільки конкурентоздатність міст визначатиме їх розвиток або стагнацію в майбутньому.З метою комплексного вирішення перетворення міст в «розумні» створюються стратегії розвитку і нові інституції, що покликані  започатковувати та трансформувати різні елементи екосистеми міставідповідно до викликів сьогодення.Проведення аналізу передового досвіду «розумних» міст Європейського Союзу, при цьому не тільки практичного аспекту, але й теоретичних засад, які використовують міста-лідери в регіоні для формування ефективних інноваційних екосистем, є актуальним не лише для науковців але й для співробітників регіональних агенцій розвитку України.Метою статті є огляд передових практик участі вищих навчальних закладів у інноваційних екосистемах. У статті подано огляд теоретичних засад з формування ефективних інноваційних екосистем, розглянуто необхідні дії державних регуляторів, а також органів місцевого самоврядування. Окремо розглянуто регуляторні акти щодо створення інноваційних екосистем і «розумних» міст Європейського Союзу

Possibility of the new type phase transition

The scalar field theory and the scalar electrodynamics quantized in the flat gap are considered. The dynamical effects arising due to the boundary presence with two types of boundary conditions (BC) satisfied by scalar fields are studied. It is shown that while the Neumann BC lead to the usual scalar field mass generation, the Dirichlet BC give rise to the dynamical mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking. Due to the later, there arises the possibility of the new type phase transition from the normal to spontaneously broken phase. The decreasing in the characteristic size of the quantization region (the gap size here) and increasing in the temperature compete with each other, tending to transport the system in the spontaneously broken and in the normal phase, respectively. The system evolves with a combined parameter, simultaneously reflecting the change in temperature and in the size. As a result, at the critical value of this parameter there occurs the phase transition from the normal phase to the spontaneously broken one. In particular, the usual massless scalar electrodynamics transforms to the Higgs model

Hydrodynamics and Nonlocal Conductivities in Vortex States of Type II Superconductors

A hydrodynamical description for vortex states in type II superconductors is presented based on the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation (TDGL). In contrast to the familiar extension of a single vortex dynamics based on the force balance, our description is consistent with the known hydrodynamics of a rotating neutral superfluid and correctly includes informations on the Goldstone mode. Further it enables one to examine nonlocal conductivities perpendicular to the magnetic field in terms of Kubo formula. The nonlocal conductivities deviate from the usual vortex flow expressions typically when the nonlocality parallel to the field becomes weaker than the perpendicular one measuring a degree of positional correlations, and, for instance, the superconducting contribution of dc Hall conductivity nonlocal only in directions perpendicular to the field becomes vanishingly small in the situations with large shear viscosity, leading to an experimentally measurable relation $\rho_{xy} \sim {\rho_{xx}^2}$ among the total resistivity components. Other situations are also discussed on the basis of the resulting expressions.Comment: 12 pages, no figures, to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. in October, 199

Nucleation of Stable Superconductivity in YBCO-Films

By means of the linear dynamic conductivity, inductively measured on epitaxial films between 30mHz and 30 MHz, the transition line $T_g (B)$ to generic superconductivity is studied in fields between B=0 and 19T. It follows closely the melting line $T_m (B)$ described recently in terms of a blowout of thermal vortex loops in clean materials. The critical exponents of the correlation length and time near $T_g (B)$, however, seem to be dominated by some intrinsic disorder. Columnar defects produced by heavy-ion irradiation up to field-equivalent-doses of $B_{\phi} = 10T$ lead to a disappointing reduction of $T_g (B \to 0)$ while for $B>B_{\phi}$ the generic line of the pristine film is recovered. These novel results are also discussed in terms of a loop-driven destruction of generic superconductivity.Comment: 11 pages including 7 EPS figures, accepted for publication in the Proceedings of the Spring Meeting of the German Physical Society, Muenster 1999,Festkoerperprobleme/Advances in Solid State Physics 199

Vortices in coupled planes with columnar disorder and bosonic ladders

We consider two coupled strongly correlated bosonic chains. We derive the phase diagram of the pure system and obtain an antisymmetric charge density wave, a 4k_F charge density wave, a superfluid phase and a second superfluid phase which is a condensate of boson pairs. We consider the effect of a weak disorder on that system and show that the superfluid phase is less localized than in the one chain case. On the other hand, the pinning length of the antisymmetric charge density wave is shorter than in the one chain case. We discuss the consequences of these results for two coupled vortex planes with columnar disorder. We show that in the vortex system there is a conventional pinned solid phase for 0<T<T_m, a pinned solid phase with superkinks for T_mT_L. We obtain the critical currents by a modified Larkin-Ovchinnikov argument and prove that there is a strong reduction of critical current for T=T_m.Comment: 38 pages, RevTeX, 9 encapsulated PostScript figures submitted to Phys. Rev. B some misprints corrected. One Reference added. Version to appear in Phys. Rev.

Strong negative self regulation of Prokaryotic transcription factors increases the intrinsic noise of protein expression

Background Many prokaryotic transcription factors repress their own transcription. It is often asserted that such regulation enables a cell to homeostatically maintain protein abundance. We explore the role of negative self regulation of transcription in regulating the variability of protein abundance using a variety of stochastic modeling techniques. Results We undertake a novel analysis of a classic model for negative self regulation. We demonstrate that, with standard approximations, protein variance relative to its mean should be independent of repressor strength in a physiological range. Consequently, in that range, the coefficient of variation would increase with repressor strength. However, stochastic computer simulations demonstrate that there is a greater increase in noise associated with strong repressors than predicted by theory. The discrepancies between the mathematical analysis and computer simulations arise because with strong repressors the approximation that leads to Michaelis-Menten-like hyperbolic repression terms ceases to be valid. Because we observe that strong negative feedback increases variability and so is unlikely to be a mechanism for noise control, we suggest instead that negative feedback is evolutionarily favoured because it allows the cell to minimize mRNA usage. To test this, we used in silico evolution to demonstrate that while negative feedback can achieve only a modest improvement in protein noise reduction compared with the unregulated system, it can achieve good improvement in protein response times and very substantial improvement in reducing mRNA levels. Conclusions Strong negative self regulation of transcription may not always be a mechanism for homeostatic control of protein abundance, but instead might be evolutionarily favoured as a mechanism to limit the use of mRNA. The use of hyperbolic terms derived from quasi-steady-state approximation should also be avoided in the analysis of stochastic models with strong repressors

Vitrification and Glass Transition of Water: Insights from Spin Probe ESR

Three long standing problems related to the physics of water viz, the possibility of vitrifying bulk water by rapid quenching, its glass transition, and the supposed impossibility of obtaining supercooled water between 150 and 233 K, the so-called 'no man's land'of its phase diagram, are studied using the highly sensitive technique of spin probe ESR. Our results suggest that water can indeed be vitrified by rapid quenching, it undergoes a glass transition at \~ 135 K, and the relaxation behavior studied using this method between 165 K and 233 K closely follows the predictions of the Adam-Gibbs model.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures; results on slow cooled water added; four figures compressed in to thre

Dynamics of d-wave Vortices: Angle-Dependent Nonlinear Hall Effect

We study the dynamics of vortices in d-wave superconductors using a phenomenological time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation with mixing of s- and d-wave components. We present numerical simulations under an external driving current $J$ oriented with an angle $\phi$ with respect to the $b$ crystal axis, calculating the vortex motion and induced electric fields for $\kappa=\infty$. We find an intrinsic Hall effect for $\phi\neq 0$ which depends as $\sim\sin(4\phi)$, and increases non-linearly with $J$.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let