Le rôle du progrès technique dans la réalisation de l'avantage concurrentiel de la Société industrielle Etude de cas du secteur pharmaceutique Saidal institution - Algérie -

Le concept «du progrès technique » a toujours connu une importance et a attiré l'attemtion des chercheurs, emtreprises et surtout les pays développés qui ont opté pour la rénovation et le développement technologique pour arriver aux meilleures méthode de proction, ce qui a permis l'apparition de l'économie industrielle qui est un domaine de recherche nouveau, étudie les différentes lois économiques et les conditions de leur fonctionnement efficacité surtout dans un monde ou l'industrie est considérée comme la branche principale qui conduit l'économie nationale. ce qui distingue ce secteur vital c'est la production des produits de houte technologie qui est la raison de l'evolution des pays développés a travers le developpeuent des npuvelles methodes et techniques a la base de nouveaux produits de qualité supperieure cela a permis l'intensification de la compétitivité qui repose sur la qualité, le prix et la diversification des stratégies pour avoir une place dant le marché, cette cempetitivité favorise à la fois le cenfort de l'individu et la société. On a choisi l'algérie et surtout le groupe«SAIDAL» pour notre étude car il est le seul groupe s'intéréssont au progrés plus que les autres secteurs grace aux investissements en recherche et developpement qui assurent une place compétitive districtive dans le marché mondial, qui connoit une forte concurrence cousant plusieurs obstacles et des menaces directs et indirects de la part des grands entreprises industriélle

مساهمة الذكاء التنافسي في تحسين الأداء الصناعي دراسة حالةمجموعة من مؤسسات الصناعة الغذائية

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى توضيح المساهمة الفعالة للذكاء التنافسي و تأثيره على الأداء في المؤسسات الصناعية ، من خلال الزيادة في الكفاءة الإنتاجية ، الربحية ، التقدم التقني ، رضا العميل وزيادة الحصص السوقية للمؤسسة...الخ ، حيث أن المؤسسات في الوقت الحالي بحاجة إلى أنظمة وعمليات حديثة تستطيع بها تحقيق التفوق والنمو والاستمرارية خاصة في بيئة تتميز بسرعة التغيير . لقد تم اختبار مدى تواجد عملية الذكاء التنافسي في عينة من مؤسسات الصناعات الغذائية في الجزائر ومدى أثره على أداء تلك المؤسسات ، حيث تبين أن هذه المؤسسات بحاجة الى فهم عملية الذكاء التنافسي ، وطرق استخدامه ومعرفة نتائجه الإيجابية التي تنعكس على المؤسسة بصفة مباشرة إذا ما طبق بشكل جيد ، فالنتائج المتوصل إليها تبين أن المؤسسات محل الدراسة تستخدم عملية الذكاء التنافسي ، لكن دون وعي منها بأن تلك الخطوات المستخدمة في جمع المعلومات هي عناصر من عملية الذكاء التنافسي وبالتالي عليها أن تتدارك ذلك بإتخاذ الإجراءات اللازمة لتنبي هاته العملية بكل جدية وصرامة لما لها من آثار ايجابية على الخطط الاستراتيجية وبالتالي على الأهداف المستقبلي

A Novel Methodology for Human Plasma Protein Binding: Prediction, Validation, and Applicability Domain

Background: Plasma protein binding is a key component in drug therapy as it affects the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. Objectives: This study aimed to predict the fraction of plasma protein binding. Methods: A quantitative structure-activity relationship, convolutional neural network, and feed-forward neural network (QSAR-CNN-FFNN) methodology was used. CNN was used for feature selection, which is known as a difficult task in QSAR studies. The values of the descriptors acquired without the preprocessing procedures were rearranged into matrices, and features from a deep fully connected layer of a pre-trained CNN (ALEXNET) were extracted. Then, the latest features learned from the CNN layers were flattened out and passed through an FFNN to make predictions. Results: The external accuracy of the validation set (Q2=0.945, RMSE=0.085) showed the performance of this methodology. Another extremely favorable circumstance of this method is that it does not take a lot of time (only a few minutes) compared to the QSAR-Wrapper-FFNN method (days of hard work and concentration) and it automatically gives us the characteristics that are the best representations of our input. Conclusion: We can say that this model can be used to predict the fraction of human plasma protein binding for drugs that have not been tested to avoid chemical synthesis and reduce expansive laboratory tests

Production and characterization of biosurfactant by free and immobilized cells from Ochrobactrum intermedium isolated from the soil of southern Algeria with a view to environmental application

In this paper, biosurfactant production by free and immobilized cells of Ochrobactrum intermedium has been studied. This bacterium strain was isolated from an Algerian crude oil-contaminated soil; hexadecane was used for the production as the sole carbon and energy source. The process was monitored by measuring the surface tension and emulsification index E24 for one week at 37 °C and neutral pH. For the production by immobilized cells, the concentrations of sodium alginate, calcium chloride and biomass were optimized. Results showed that O. intermedium entrapped in calcium alginate beads is able to preserve its viability and produce biosurfactants but with an effect on the production kinetics due to diffusional limitations of the alginate beads with greater stability with up to 75%. The product biosurfactant reduced the surface tension below 33 and emulsification index were 68%–93% after 48 and 72 h with free and immobilized cells, respectively. Also, the product belongs to the family of glycolipids and showed stability in a wide range of pH (2–12), temperature (25–120 °C), and to high salinity. Both products by strain O. intermedium, based on spectral features, have a chemical structure identical to that of glycolipids. The production yield of biosurfactant versus concentration of the hexadecane is 1292 g/g. Second, the surfactants are able to promote the solubility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Results show that the use of biosurfactant, produced by the isolated bacterial strain O. intermedium, obtained a better solubility of naphthalene and phenanthrene

A Comparison of the Carcass and Meat Quality of ISA (F15) Spent Hens Slaughtered at Two Different Ages

International audienceObjective: A total of 16 spent hens (ISA F15) were slaughtered at about 220 and 337 days of age and studied for their muscle characteristics and sensory attributes. Methodology: Tenderness was estimated from breast muscle using penetrometer PNR 10 and sensory trained panel. Water Holding Capacity (WHC), percentage of released water, cooking loss, pH and Myofibril Fragmentation Index (MFI) were studied. Results: Penetration values were found negatively correlated with tenderness and MFI. Tenderness scores were negatively correlated with animal age and positively with pH. Overall acceptability of the meat of spent hens was judged higher irrespective of age. Multiple regressions analysis revealed that penetration depth was mainly explained by juiciness and MFI. Conclusion: In addition, the results revealed that sensory parameters representing textural properties of meat (tenderness, cohesiveness, chewiness and residues) were mainly explained by cooking losses

SARS-CoV-2 viral load in nasopharyngeal swabs in the emergency department does not predict COVID-19 severity and mortality

International audienceIntroduction The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led to devastating repercussions on health care systems worldwide. This viral infection has a broad clinical spectrum (ranging from influenza-like disease, viral pneumonia, and hypoxemia to acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring prolonged intensive care unit stays). The prognostic impact of measuring viral load on nasopharyngeal swab specimens (by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]) is yet to be elucidated. Methods Between March 3 and April 5, 2020, we conducted a retrospective study on a cohort of COVID-19 patients (mild or severe disease) who were hospitalized after presenting to the emergency department (ED) and had at least one positive nasopharyngeal swab during their hospital stay. We led our study at the University Hospitals of Strasbourg in the Greater East region of France, one of the pandemic's epicenters in Europe. Results We have collected samples from a cohort of 287 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 who were included in our study. Nearly half of them (50.5%) presented a mild form of the disease, while the other half (49.5%) presented a severe form, requiring mechanical ventilation. Median (interquartile range) viral load on the initial upper respiratory swab at admission was 4.76 (3.29–6.06) log10 copies/reaction. When comparing survivors and nonsurvivors, this viral load measurement did not differ according to subgroups (p = 0.332). Additionally, we have found that respiratory viral load measurement was predictive of neither in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.85 to 1.31, p = 0.637) nor disease severity (AOR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.73 to 1.06, p = 0.167). Conclusion Respiratory viral load measurement on the first nasopharyngeal swab (by RT-PCR) during initial ED management is neither a predictor of severity nor a predictor of mortality in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Host response to this viral infection along with the extent of preexisting comorbidities might be more foretelling of disease severity than the virus itself

Evaluation of the performance of SARS-CoV-2 serological tools and their positioning in COVID-19 diagnostic strategies

Rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial for successful outbreak containment. During the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health emergency, the gold standard for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection diagnosis is the detection of viral RNA. Additional diagnostic methods õenabling the detection of current or past SARS-CoV-2 infection would be highly beneficial. We assessed 2 immunochromatographic lateral flow assays (LFA-1, LFA-2) and 2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (IgA/IgG ELISA-1, IgM/IgG ELISA-2) using 325 samples: serum samples from polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized patients (n = 55) and healthcare workers (n = 143) and 127 samples from negative controls. Diagnostic performances were assessed according to days after symptom onset (dso) and the antigenic format used by manufacturers. Clinical sensitivities varied greatly among the assays, showing poor mutual agreement. After 15 dso, ELISA-1 (Euroimmun) and LFA-1 (Biosynex) combining IgM and IgG detection showed the best performances. A thorough selection of serological assays for the detection of ongoing or past infections is advisable

Delirium and encephalopathy in severe COVID-19: a cohort analysis of ICU patients

Neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2 and its neurological manifestations have now been confirmed. We aimed at describing delirium and neurological symptoms of COVID-19 in ICU patients