Emotional Intelligence may have Association with Blood Groups

Background: Emotional intelligence (EI) can be described by means of capabilities possessed by a person to recognize feeling, and to manage emotions. For instance, active types of blood are O and B i.e. they are (belligerent and developing) On the other hand blood types A and AB are submissive i.e. (unchanging and unprogressive). The study aimed to find out the association between emotional intelligence and blood groups. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out on 184 male and female students of a private university, Karachi. Blood group of these subjects was determined by using hematological and aseptic techniques and samples were collected through finger prick method acknowledged by the students. Results were recorded by applying the Fisher’s exact test and one way ANOVA to see the significance. Results: Self-awareness having highest mean score in O- group 17.00±1.00 with p-value of 0.011. In empathy blood group A+20.20±3.22 and O- 20.00±1.73 achieved highest mean values with p-value of 0.000, self-motivation level also got highest mean score in O- group 23.67±3.51with p-value of 0.035, managing relations level was highest observed in O- group 17.00±1.73 with p-value of 0.001. In addition, altruistic behavior found positive in O- blood group 8.67±0.58 with significant p-value of 0.000 among all students. Conclusion: Blood groups were identified significantly with different emotional intelligence level. The students having blood group O found to be more emotionally intelligent. However, large-scale studies are required in different parts of the world to explore the new aspects

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1: is it a risk factor for recurrent miscarriage?

Background: About 50% cases of recurrent miscarriages are idiopathic. The association of fibrinolytic defects with recurrent pregnancy failure is a novel research avenue and was first recommended in early 1990s. High Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels are found to be associated with recurrent miscarriage in various studies. The association of Plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 with recurrent pregnancy loss and its various variables are detrermined. Methods: This study was conducted at Ziauddin University Hospital Karachi, from Feb 2014 to Nov 2014. All non pregnant and non-obese women with history of consecutive two or more miscarriages, with no co-morbid diseases, visiting a gynecologist were included. Studied variables included were age, BMI, no. of miscarriages, time of miscarriage and plasma PAI-1 levels. The data was expressed in terms of median and percentages with a confidence interval of 95%. Analysis was done on SPSS version 20. Results: The median age of females was found to be 27.34± 5.09 years. Out of seventy five females with history of recurrent miscarriages, (81.3%) (n=61) women had Plasma PAI-1 levels within normal range whereas (18.7%) (n=14) had value greater than normal. The median plasma PAI-1 was found to be 29.6±22.16 ng/ml. Conclusion: PAI-1 was not found to be a risk factor for recurrent miscarriages in a local population of Karachi. Furthermore, studies on a large sample size need to be undertaken to assess the role of PAI-1in our population. Key Words: Recurrent pregnancy loss. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, Fibrinolysi