Mathematical modeling of the crystallization process to obtain a fine fraction aluminates

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. Considered process of melt crystallization of the material in a twin-roll mold. Resolved an important problem of heat conduction through the wall of variable thickness, using the Fourier method and theorem Duhamel. Obtain theoretical dependence of the thickness of a frozen layer on the physical parameters of the melt and technological parameters of the crystallization process

Comparative chloroplast genomics and phylogenetics of Fagopyrum esculentum ssp. ancestrale – A wild ancestor of cultivated buckwheat

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Chloroplast genome sequences are extremely informative about species-interrelationships owing to its non-meiotic and often uniparental inheritance over generations. The subject of our study, <it>Fagopyrum esculentum</it>, is a member of the family Polygonaceae belonging to the order Caryophyllales. An uncertainty remains regarding the affinity of Caryophyllales and the asterids that could be due to undersampling of the taxa. With that background, having access to the complete chloroplast genome sequence for <it>Fagopyrum </it>becomes quite pertinent.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We report the complete chloroplast genome sequence of a wild ancestor of cultivated buckwheat, <it>Fagopyrum esculentum </it>ssp. <it>ancestrale</it>. The sequence was rapidly determined using a previously described approach that utilized a PCR-based method and employed universal primers, designed on the scaffold of multiple sequence alignment of chloroplast genomes. The gene content and order in buckwheat chloroplast genome is similar to <it>Spinacia oleracea</it>. However, some unique structural differences exist: the presence of an intron in the <it>rpl2 </it>gene, a frameshift mutation in the <it>rpl23 </it>gene and extension of the inverted repeat region to include the <it>ycf1 </it>gene. Phylogenetic analysis of 61 protein-coding gene sequences from 44 complete plastid genomes provided strong support for the sister relationships of Caryophyllales (including Polygonaceae) to asterids. Further, our analysis also provided support for <it>Amborella </it>as sister to all other angiosperms, but interestingly, in the bayesian phylogeny inference based on first two codon positions <it>Amborella </it>united with Nymphaeales.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Comparative genomics analyses revealed that the <it>Fagopyrum </it>chloroplast genome harbors the characteristic gene content and organization as has been described for several other chloroplast genomes. However, it has some unique structural features distinct from previously reported complete chloroplast genome sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the dataset, including this new sequence from non-core Caryophyllales supports the sister relationship between Caryophyllales and asterids.</p

Numerical analysis of temperature distribution in bottom electrode of DC arc furnace in process

© 2014 Irek Husnemardanovich Israphilovet et al. Conducted comprehensive studies of the existing thermal bottom electrode (BE) in process. Considered separately BE coolant. The optimum parameters of copper BE (water-coolant, wall temperatures and geometric parameters) under specific operating conditions calculated

Calculation of thermal processes in bottom electrode

© 2014 Irek Husnemardanovich Israphilov et al. Conducted comprehensive studies of the existing thermal bottom electrode (BE) in process. Considered separately BE coolant. The optimum parameters of copper BE (water-coolant, wall temperatures and geometric parameters) under specific operating conditions calculated. Drawn up formulas and graphs to determine the optimum geometrical parameters of BE under different operating conditions. Calculation and simulation of BE in process are held

Pulse plasma surface thermostrengthening of machine parts

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. The paper presents a pulse plasma generator for surface hardening of parts. The given equations allow to calculate the parameters of the pulse plasma generator to ensure the specified quality indicators of the hardened zone

Hybrid welding of dissimilar metals

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.The article addresses issues laser - plasma welding (LPW) dissimilar metals and the results of metallographic studies of the microstructure of welds ferrite - 40 steel and molybdenum - steel 40. Increasing potential opportunities the high-energy processing is carried out by integration the laser radiation (LR) and plasma, which allows you to create the desired spatial distribution of the energy flow for technological processes (TP) of laser-plasma heat treatment (LPT) of metals. The distribution of the thermal field is determined by the density distribution of energy flow LR and plasma exposure time, and the thermal characteristics of the treated metal. The most interesting is the treatment of details with ring flow of plasma and LR axial impact

Calcium modulation of the kinetics of evoked quantum secretion in neuromuscular synapses of cold- and warm-blooded animals

© 2015, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Calcium entry into the nerve endings through voltage-dependent calcium channels triggers a chain of events leading to exocytosis of neurotransmitter, providing the transmission of excitation through the synapse. In this regard, a significant role of calcium ions and presynaptic calcium channels in the modulation of secretion is evident. However, the question of the contribution of different types of voltage-dependent calcium channels in the calcium regulation parameters of the quantal secretion still remains unclear. The secretion kinetics characterizes a degree of synchrony of the neurotransmitter release. In recent decades it is regarded as one of the important factors maintaining the effectiveness of the synaptic transmission. Since neuromuscular synapses of frogs and mice are classical objects of physiological and pharmacological studies, the results of which are summarized and extrapolated to other synapses, it is interesting to compare changes of the acetylcholine secretion in these synapses under different conditions of calcium entry into the nerve endings. In this review we discuss the data on the neuromuscular synapses of frogs and mice and analyze some aspects of calcium regulation and involvement of different types of voltage-dependent calcium channels in the modulation of the acetylcholine secretion kinetics

Action of ATP on Ca²⁺-Transient in Different Parts of the Frog Motor Nerve Ending

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Electrophysiological evidence indicates a difference in neurotransmitter secretion along the motor nerve terminals of the frog neuromuscular junction. This includes a decrease of the minimal synaptic delay value and a reduction in the quantal content of the evoked endplate currents from the proximal to distal portion of the motor nerve ending. Besides, various physiologically active compounds may have different effects on the acetylcholine secretion in the proximal and distal parts of the nerve terminal. Here, we explored the effects of ATP on Ca2+-transient using optical detection methods with high-speed camera in different parts of the frog nerve terminal. There was shown a significant inhibitory effect of ATP on Ca2+-transient in both the proximal and distal regions of nerve terminals. However, in different parts of nerve endings, any significant differences in ATP effects were not found. Thus, ATP decreases the Ca2+-transient along the entire presynaptic terminal

Synaptosome-associated protein 25 (SNAP25) synthesis in terminal buttons of mouse motor neuron

© 2015, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Previously, we formulated the hypothesis of compartmentalized protein synthesis in axons of motor neurons. In the axon hillock, along the entire length of the axon and in its ending, specific proteins are locally synthesized, which ensure the function of each compartment. In support of this hypothesis, in this work we studied the local protein synthesis in mouse motor nerve ending

Search for sterile neutrinos at the DANSS experiment

DANSS is a highly segmented 1~m${}^3$ plastic scintillator detector. Its 2500 one meter long scintillator strips have a Gd-loaded reflective cover. The DANSS detector is placed under an industrial 3.1~$\mathrm{GW_{th}}$ reactor of the Kalinin Nuclear Power Plant 350~km NW from Moscow. The distance to the core is varied on-line from 10.7~m to 12.7~m. The reactor building provides about 50~m water-equivalent shielding against the cosmic background. DANSS detects almost 5000 $\widetilde\nu_e$ per day at the closest position with the cosmic background less than 3$\%$. The inverse beta decay process is used to detect $\widetilde\nu_e$. Sterile neutrinos are searched for assuming the $4\nu$ model (3 active and 1 sterile $\nu$). The exclusion area in the $\Delta m_{14}^2,\sin^22\theta_{14}$ plane is obtained using a ratio of positron energy spectra collected at different distances. Therefore results do not depend on the shape and normalization of the reactor $\widetilde\nu_e$ spectrum, as well as on the detector efficiency. Results are based on 966 thousand antineutrino events collected at 3 distances from the reactor core. The excluded area covers a wide range of the sterile neutrino parameters up to $\sin^22\theta_{14}<0.01$ in the most sensitive region.Comment: 10 pages, 13 figures, version accepted for publicatio