Volumetric and Adiabatic Compressibility Behaviour of Aqueous Haemoglobin Solution in Presence of Sugar

Measurements of density, ultrasonic velocity were made for investigating the intermolecular interactions. As D- glucose-Haemoglobin–water systems. These systems were chosen due to their vital role in the life of living organisms for such studies. Using density and ultrasonic velocity data, various derived parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (βs),   compressibility lowering (Δβs), relative change in compressibility (Δβs/β0), apparent molal volume (фv), apparent molal adiabatic compressibility (фk), and partial molal volume (фv0), of aqueous Haemoglobin solutions in presence of sugar were obtained for each of the concentrations studied in the temperature range: 303.15-328.15k. Temperature dependence of these data suggests the presence of solute-solute, and solute- solvent interactions as well as on the extent of salvation of the protein molecules in presence of sugar. Therefore, by observing a decrease in the compressibility of the solution and the increase in the apparent molal volume of the protein after the addition of sugar, we can say that the extent of denaturation of protein is reduced and its stabilization was taken place

Implications of Sewage Discharge on Freshwater Ecosystems

Freshwater ecosystems such as lakes and rivers are among the sensitive ecosystems, which host rich biodiversity. Being major freshwater resources, they provide a wide range of ecosystem services, making their existence essential for the well-being of human societies. However, in the past few decades, there have been adverse impacts on the health of these ecosystems due to uncontrolled sewage disposal throughout the world. This is increasingly becoming a tough challenge to protect the freshwater ecosystems from the ramifications of the entry of untreated sewage. Loss of biodiversity, physiological and behavioral changes in species, community shifts, and fish mortality have been witnessed in aquatic ecosystems, which are the recipients of untreated or partially treated sewage. Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus are abundant in sewage and are one of the leading causes of eutrophication of water bodies. Several freshwater ecosystems around the world have become a victim of eutrophication due to untreated sewage disposal, leading to a change in trophic status

Limnological Investigation of Three Freshwater Springs of Pulwama District- Kashmir Valley

AbstractAn assessment on quality and hygienic conditions of spring water was undertaken in Pulwama during 2009.The present investigation was carried out during January 2009 – June 2009 in three limnocrene freshwater springs located in single groundwater area in Pulwama district, Kashmir. A perusal of the data showed that these springs were hard water type with slightly lower values to higher values of DO (1.6-12mg/L). The ionic composition of the spring waters revealed the predominance of bicarbonate and calcium over the other ions with usual ionic progression as HCO3- >Ca++ >Mg++ >Na+ >K+. The water of all the three springs is used for multipurpose including drinking, irrigation, washing, bathing etc. None of the parameters studied floated the standards set by W.H.O. for drinking water quality. Keywords: Limnological, Water quality, groundwater, Spring, Kashmir Valle

A Preliminary Limnological Investigation of Golden- Key Lake, Clemant Town, Uttranchal

The present study was undertaken to provide some baseline knowledge of the general limnology of Golden Key Lake, Clement town, which stands nearly unstudied artificial lake in Dehradun, India. The investigation was intended to get a coherent picture of the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the lake. This study was undertaken for a short period of time and therefore it should only constitute a starting point for studies imperative for management of these ecosystems of unique nature in the country. Four study sites were selected and analyzed for the main chemical variables and nutrients. An examination of the water chemistry data on comparative level revealed that both ions and nutrients were significantly higher at site I located at a point where sewage water without any treatment enters into the lake.  Computed on an average basis the inorganic elements have been found to follow the sequence: Ca > Na> Mg > K for sites I and II, while for sites III and IV, the sequence was: Ca> Mg>Na>K

Zeolite H-ZSM-5: an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for One-Pot Synthesis of Amidoalkyl Naphthols under Solvent-Free Conditions

Zeolites have been used as an excellent and highly efficient catalyst for one-pot synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols. This route involves multicomponent reaction of 2-napthol, various aromatic aldhydes and amide in presence of catalyst Zeolite H-ZSM-5 under solvent free condition. The synthesized Zeolite was characterized by XRD, FTIR and SEM. The products were characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR. The method involves shorter reaction time, simple procedure, easy workup and the products are obtained in excellent yield

SYNTHESIS OF TETRA-SUBSTITUTED IMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES BY CONDENSATION REACTION USING ZEOLITE H-ZSM 22 AS A HETEROGENEOUS SOLID ACID CATALYST

Objective: The present work deals with the synthesis of tetrasubstituted imidazoles using environmentally benign and green catalyst H-ZSM-22. Methods: The synthesized catalyst was characterized by FTIR, XRD and the products by FTIR and NMR. Results: H-ZSM-22 has been used as an efficient catalyst for an improved and rapid synthesis of 1,2,4,5 tetrasubstituted imidazoles derivatives using reactants: Benzil, Aldehydes, Amines and Ammonium acetate having excellent yield under solvent conditions. Different derivatives of aldehyde have been used in this reaction. For all the synthesized derivatives, ambient reaction time was found to be of 15-30 min. Conclusion: The main advantage of this reaction is small reaction time, high purity yield, easy work-up and pollution free

Periphytic Algae of River Sindh in the Sonamarg Area of Kashmir Valley

This study deals with the taxonomic composition of Periphytic algae of River Sindh in the Sonamarg area in terms of  species composition and density carried out  during 2009. Periphytic algal community was represented by 49 taxa belonging to four classes namely Bacillariophyceae (32), Chlorophyceae (9), Cyanophyceae (7) and Xanthophyceae (1). The number of common species recorded from all the sites were 11 while as genera/species   like Vaucheria  sp., Navicula appendiculata, Meridion sp., Fragillaria sp., Brachysira virea, Rhizoclonium sp., Oedogonium  capillare, Mougeotia sp., Oscillatoria sp.,  Merismopedia sp., Leptolyngbya sp., Ceolospharum sp., Calothrix sp. were observed from only one particular site. Bacillariophyceae  was the dominant group both in diversity and density and included 32 taxa contributing 87% of total periphytic algal population. Chlorophyceae forming  the second dominant class was represented by  9 genera comprising 8.5% of the total periphytic algae. Cyanophyceae ranked third in its dominance pattern with 7 genera forming 4.5% of all the periphytic algae. Xanthophyceae was represented by only one species of Vaucheria sp. found only at Thajwas Grar.  Amongst the study sites highest (2.64) values of Shannon Weiner Index was found at Baltal and lowest (1.99) at Sonamarg while as highest (0.77) and lowest (0.55) Sorensen’s Similiarity coefficient were found between Baltal/Sonamarg and Yashmarh/ Thajwas Grar

Dynamics of Periphytic Algae In Some Crenic Habitats Of District Anantnag, Kashmir

The study pertains to the diversity patterns of periphytic algal assemblages of seven springs subjected to different anthropogenic stresses. The periphytic algal community during September 2010 to August 2011 revealed a total of twenty three species belonging to three algal classes: Chlorophyceae (6), Bacillariophyceae (12) and Cyanophyceae (5). The most dominant species in the algal community were Rhizoclonium sp., Diatomella balfuriana, Navicula sp., and Oscillatoria limosa. During the present study maximum number of species was obtained at Dubnagin (23), followed by Naranag (19), Parinag (17), Himalinag (15), Malakhnag (10), Batnagin (10) and decreasing to the minimum of 9 species at Kirkadalnag. Among the various periphytic classes, Bacillariophyceae dominated qualitatively both in diversity and density at each spring being followed by Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae