Utilization of cytogenetic biomarkers as a tool for assessment of radiation injury and evaluation of radiomodulatory effects of various medicinal plants – a review

Ravindra M Samarth,1,2 Meenakshi Samarth,3 Yoshihisa Matsumoto4 1Department of Research, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre (ICMR), Bhopal, India; 2National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhopal, India; 3Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India; 4Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan Abstract: Systematic biological measurement of “cytogenetic endpoints” has helped phenomenally in assessment of risks associated with radiation exposure. There has been a surge in recent times for the usage of radioactive materials in health care, agriculture, industrial, and nuclear power sectors. The likelihood of radiation exposure from accidental or occupational means is always higher in an overburdened ecosystem that is continuously challenged to meet the population demands. Risks associated with radiation exposure in this era of modern industrial growth are minimal as international regulations for maintaining the safety standards are stringent and strictly adhered to, however, a recent disaster like “Fukushima” impels us to think beyond. The major objective of radiobiology is the development of an orally effective radio-modifier that provides protection from radiation exposure. Once available for mass usage, these compounds will not only be useful for providing selective protection against accidental and occupational radiation exposure but also help to permit use of higher doses of radiation during treatment of various malignancies curtailing unwarranted adverse effects imposed on normal tissues. Bio-active compounds isolated from natural sources enriched with antioxidants possess unique immune-modulating properties, thus providing a double edged benefit over synthetic radioprotectors. We aim to provide here a comprehensive overview of the various agents originating from plant sources that portrayed promising radioprotection in various experimental models with special emphasis on studies that used cytogenetic biomarkers. The agents will include crude extracts of various medicinal plants, purified fractions, and herbal preparations. Keywords: cytogenetic biomarkers, medicinal plants, radioprotectors, radiation exposur

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Not AvailableNAVAMOTA WATERSHED (313 HA) IS LOCATED AT SABARKANTHA DISTRICT OF GUJARAT IN ARAVALI HILLS. CSWCRTI , RESEARCH CENTRE, VASAD PREPARED A COMPREHENSIVE ACTION PLAN WHICH WAS EXECUTED BY GUJARAT STATE LAND DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION (GSLDC) , FOREST AND AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENTS FROM 1985 TO 1987 . MAJOR ACTIVITIES WERE CONSTRUCTION OF TWO MASONRY DAMS WITH GUAGING STATIONS , 4 EARTHEN DAMS, 37 GULLY PLUGS, 17 LOOSE BOULDER CHECK DAMS, CONTOUR BUNDING AND LEVELLING OF 197 HA AND AFFORESTATION AND SILVIPASTURE ON ALL GOVERNMENT OR COMMUNITY WASTELANDS. ALL THESE TREATMENTS REDUCED WATER LOSS BY RUNOFF FROM THE WATERSHED FROM 25% OF RAINFALL TO JUST 3.7% . NOW ALL RAIN WATER IS EITHER SOAKED IN SOIL OR HELD BEHIND THE STORAGE STRUCTURES. AS A RESULT , LEVEL IN OPEN WELLS HAS RISEN AND WATER AVAILABLE FOR 3 ADDITIONAL MONTHS. IRRIGATED AREA HAS INCREASED BY 44 TO 197 %. PRE- PROJECT CROPPING INTENSITY OF 111% NOW STANDS AT 130% (1994-1995). THE INVESTMENTS ALSO WORKED OUT TO BE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ON LONG - TERM BASIS WITH A B:C RATIO OF 1.43. TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION THE ADDITIONAL EMPLOYMENT CREATED , THE B:C RATIO ROSE TO 1.8.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAn investigation was undertaken to prepare wines from the pure and blended juices of Sauvignon Blanc (SB) and Manjari Naveen (MN) grapes. Juices were blended according to plan, and wines were prepared following the standard vinification procedure and evaluated after two rackings. Alcohol in prepared wines ranged from 11.48 to 12.75 per cent. The acidity, volatile acidity, and pH of wines were within acceptable limits. Observed aroma compounds using ‘GC×GC-TOF/MS’ were mainly related to aroma notes in commercial wines. Wine prepared from T7 (SB-50% + MN 50%) attained a maximum score (4.7 out of 5 points hedonic scale) in overall acceptability. The wine quality got improved when the juices of Sauvignon Blanc and Manjari Naveen were blended before fermentation. However, there is a need to optimize crop load, suitable rootstock, maturity level at harvest, etc., for harnessing the aromatic nature by adopting a suitable juice combination of these two varieties.Not Availabl