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Mathematical Modeling And Experimental Studies On Biochemical Conversion Of Cr(Vi) Of Tannery Effluent To Cr(Iii) In A Chemostat
Biodegradation of hexavalent chromium present in tannery waste has been studied using Pseudomonas sp. (JUBTCr1) and Bacillus sp. (JUBTCr3) isolated from their native source. A 5L double-jacketed chemostat with 4L working volume has been used as contacting device for the kinetic investigation of the biodegradation process. Varying the feed volumetric rate from 118-133 ml/h for different inlet hexavalent chromium concentrations (30 to 90 mg/dm3), an attempt has been made to study the reaction engineering behavior of the system. It is observed that Haldane type substrate inhibited model can satisfactorily be used to predict the extent of bioconversion for different dilution rate. Using the kinetic parameters of proposed Haldane equation, a CSTR model was developed. Model prediction agreed well with experimental data
Violation of Bell's inequality for phase singular beams
We have considered optical beams with phase singularity and experimentally
verified that these beams, although being classical, have properties of two
mode entanglement in quantum states. We have observed the violation of Bell's
inequality for continuous variables using the Wigner distribution function
(WDF) proposed by Chowdhury et al. [Phys. Rev. A \textbf{88}, 013830 (2013)].
Our experiment establishes a new form of Bell's inequality in terms of the WDF
which can be used for classical as well as quantum systems.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures and 1 tabl
Non equilibrium statistical physics with fictitious time
Problems in non equilibrium statistical physics are characterized by the
absence of a fluctuation dissipation theorem. The usual analytic route for
treating these vast class of problems is to use response fields in addition to
the real fields that are pertinent to a given problem. This line of argument
was introduced by Martin, Siggia and Rose. We show that instead of using the
response field, one can, following the stochastic quantization of Parisi and
Wu, introduce a fictitious time. In this extra dimension a fluctuation
dissipation theorem is built in and provides a different outlook to problems in
non equilibrium statistical physics.Comment: 4 page
Approach to equilibrium in adiabatically evolving potentials
For a potential function (in one dimension) which evolves from a specified
initial form to a different asymptotically, we study the
evolution, in an overdamped dynamics, of an initial probability density to its
final equilibeium.There can be unexpected effects that can arise from the time
dependence. We choose a time variation of the form
. For a , which is
double welled and a which is simple harmonic, we show that, in
particular, if the evolution is adiabatic, the results in a decrease in the
Kramers time characteristics of . Thus the time dependence makes
diffusion over a barrier more efficient. There can also be interesting
resonance effects when and are two harmonic potentials
displaced with respect to each other that arise from the coincidence of the
intrinsic time scale characterising the potential variation and the Kramers
time.Comment: This paper contains 5 page
Inelastic scattering of protons from He and Li in a folding model approach
The proton-inelastic scattering from He and Li nuclei are
studied in a folding model approach. A finite-range, momentum, density and
isospin dependent nucleon-nucleon interaction (SBM) is folded with realistic
density distributions of the above nuclei. The renormalization factors N
and N on the real and volume imaginary part of the folded potentials are
obtained by analyzing the respective elastic scattering data and kept unaltered
for the inelastic analysis at the same energy. The form factors are generated
by taking derivatives of the folded potentials and therefore required
renormalizations. The values are extracted by fitting the p +
He,Li inelastic angular distributions. The present analysis of
p + He inelastic scattering to the 3.57 MeV excited state, including
unpublished forward angle data (RIKEN) confirms L = 2 transition. Similar
analysis of the p + He inelastic scattering angular distribution leading to
the 1.8 MeV (L = 2) excited state fails to satisfactorily reproduce the data.Comment: one LaTeX file, five PostScript figure
Nonlinear Mode Coupling and Internal Resonances in MoS2 Nanoelectromechanical System
Atomically thin two dimensional (2D) layered materials have emerged as a new
class of material for nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) due to their
extraordinary mechanical properties and ultralow mass density. Among them,
graphene has been the material of choice for nanomechanical resonator. However,
recent interest in 2D chalcogenide compounds has also spurred research in using
materials such as MoS2 for NEMS applications. As the dimensions of devices
fabricated using these materials shrink down to atomically thin membrane,
strain and nonlinear effects have become important. A clear understanding of
nonlinear effects and the ability to manipulate them is essential for next
generation sensors. Here we report on all electrical actuation and detection of
few layers MoS2 resonator. The ability to electrically detect multiple modes
and actuate the modes deep into nonlinear regime enables us to probe the
nonlinear coupling between various vibrational modes. The modal coupling in our
device is strong enough to detect three distinct internal resonances
Modified Bethe-Weizsacker mass formula with isotonic shift and new driplines
Nuclear masses are calculated using the modified Bethe-Weizsacker mass
formula in which the isotonic shifts have been incorporated. The results are
compared with the improved liquid drop model with isotonic shift. Mass excesses
predicted by this method compares well with the microscopic-macroscopic model
while being much more simple. The neutron and proton drip lines have been
predicted using this modified Bethe-Weizsacker mass formula with isotonic
shifts.Comment: 9 pages including 2 figure
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