The Study of Child Development Norms of Thai Children Age from Birth to 5 Years using Child Development Assessment Tools Developed by the Mental Health Department, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand

This study aims to determine the development norms of Thai children age from birth to 5 years and to compare the assessment items of a child development assessment tool for children age from birth to 5 years, developed by the Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, and Denver development screening test (DDST) assessment form. Participants were 2,079 Thai children age from birth to 5 years sampling by multi-staged stratified random sampling method. The tool used was the child development assessment form for children age from birth to 5 years developed by the Mental Health Department, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. There were 654 question items in the assessment form which were classified into 5 skills area include 1) gross motor skills 2) fine motor skills 3) Receptive language skills 4) Expressive language skills and 5) Personal and social care skills. The analysis was based on multiple logistic regressions to determine the development norms of Thai children and a single group mean test was used to compare child development norms by the assessment form for children age from birth to 5 years developed by the Mental Health Department, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, and Denver development screening test (DDST) assessment form. The results showed that 651 of 654 items (99.54%) of child development assessment form for children age from birth to 5 years developed by the Mental Health Department, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, were able to identify development norms of Thai children. The items for which the development norms could not be assessed were 1) the child physical reaction when hearing sound 2) the child stop crying when held by parents and 3) the child can look at other face for 1-2 seconds. However, it was found that all Thai children who were assessed could pass the behavioral assessment. To compare between child development assessment form for children age from birth to 5 years developed by the Mental Health Department, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, and Denver development screening test (DDST) assessment form, it was found that there was no different in gross motor movement skills and expressive language skills. In fine motor movement skills, there was no different found at 75 percentile. In receptive language, there was no different found at 25 and 50 percentile. And in personal and social skill there was no different found at 90 percentile

A Study of Child Developmental Norms for Children from birth to 5 years of age in Chiang Mai

This study aims to determine the developmental norms for children from birth to 5 years of age who live in Chiang Mai and to identify an order of assessment items of a child development tool for children from birth to 5 years of age, of the Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health. The sample consisted of children from birth to 5 years of age living in Chiang Mai; a total of 420 subjects from a multi-staged stratified random sampling method. The tool used was the child development assessment form for children aged from birth to 5 years of Mental Health Department, Ministry of Public Health. The analysis was based on Multiple Logistic Regressions at 25th, 50th, 75tth and 90th percentiles and order of development of children from birth to 5 years of age, divided into 60 months based on the 75th percentile. The results showed that the developmental norms for Thai children could be assessed, based on those who were able to pass each question, classified according to the percentile. For Gross Motor skills, the children were able to pass 154 out of 155 items. The item for which the developmental norm could not be assessed, was the ability to place their feet on bike pedals while the bike was being pushed forward. For Fine Motor Skills, the children passed 161 out of 162 items. The item which could not be assessed for, was the ability to hand an object to the evaluator when asked to. For Receptive Language Skills, the children passed 104 out of 105 items. The item that could not be assessed for, was physical reaction when hearing a sound. For Expressive Language, the children were able to complete all 104 items. For Personal and Social Skills, the children completed 126 out of 128 items. The two items that could not be assessed, were item numbers 75 and 76; issues of assessment being: the child stops crying when held by the parents, and the child can look at faces for 1-2 seconds, respectively. It was found that all Thai children who were evaluated, could pass the behavioral assessments. The results showed that 649 of 654 assessment items (99.24%) were able to identify developmental norms in children aged from birth to 5 years in Chiang Mai and were able to identify an order of assessment items of the child development tool of The Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health. This can be used for children from each age range (60 months) and the assessment items are put in order according to the number of items used to assess the children from 1 month to 60 months of age, classified into 5 skills areas of Gross Motor, Fine Motor, Receptive Language, Expressive Language and Personal and Social care

Happiness and Depression among Disabled People in RICD Wheelchair Project

การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ เพื่อศึกษาความสุขและความซึมเศร้าของคนพิการ กลุ่มตัวอย่างเป็นคนพิการที่เข้ารับอุปรณ์ช่วยความพิการจากโครงการ RICD Wheelchair Project ของสถาบันพัฒนาการเด็กราชนครินทร์ จำานวน 1,040 คน เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัยเป็นแบบสอบถามจำแนกเป็น 3 ส่วน ได้แก่ ส่วนที่ 1 แบบสอบถามข้อมูลส่วนบุคคล ส่วนที่ 2 ดัชนีชี้วัดความสุขคนไทย ส่วนที่ 3 แบบประเมินความซึมเศร้า ทำการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลด้วยสถิติค่าร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย ค่าเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน Kolmogorov-Smirnov และ Chi-square test ผลการวิจัยพบว่า คนพิการมีความสุขมากกว่าคนทั่วไป มีจำานวนมากที่สุดคิดเป็นร้อยละ 52.0 รองลงมามีความสุขเท่ากับคนทั่วไปคิดเป็นร้อยละ 25.7 และมีความสุขน้อยกว่าคนทั่วไปคิดเป็นร้อยละ 22.3 คนพิการส่วนใหญ่ไม่มีภาวะซึมเศร้าคิดเป็นร้อยละ 85.1 และน่าจะมีภาวะซึมเศร้าคิดเป็นร้อยละ 14.9 The purpose of this research was to study the happiness and depression among disabled people in RICD Wheelchair Project. The subjects consisted of 1,045 disabled people in RICD Wheelchair Project. The research instrument was a set of questionnaires divided into three parts. The first part was the demographic data; the second part was Thai Happiness Indicator (THI) and the third part was the Screening Test for Depression. The data was analyzed by percentage, mean, standard deviation, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Chi -square test. The results of this study were as follows : The 52.0 percentage of disabled people was more happy than normal people, 25.7 percentage of disabled people was happy equal normal people and 22.3 percentage of disabled people was less happy than normal people. The 85.1 percentage of disabled people was nor mal and 85. 1 percentage of disabled people probably had major depression

The Optimal Cut-Off Point for Thai Diagnostic Autism Scale and Probability Prediction of Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis in Suspected Children

The Thai Diagnostic Autism Scale (TDAS) was developed to diagnose autism spectrum disorder (ASD) under the context and characteristics of the Thai population. Although the tool has an excellent agreement, the interpretation of diagnostic results needs to rely on the optimal cut-off point to maximize efficiency and clarity. This study aims to find an optimal cut-off point for TDAS in the diagnosis of ASD and to compare its agreement with the DSM-5 ASD criteria. This study was conducted on 156 children aged 12–48 months old who were suspected of having ASD and had enrolled from hospitals in the four regions of Thailand in 2017–2018. The optimal cut-off point for TDAS was considered by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves according to the DSM-5 ASD criteria. The areas under the curve (AUCs) for TDAS and ADOS-2 were also compared. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to create a predictive model for the probability of ASD. The AUC of TDAS was significantly higher than that of ADOS-2 (0.8748 vs. 0.7993; p = 0.033). The optimal cut-off point for TDAS was ≥20 points (accuracy = 82.05%, sensitivity = 82.86%, and specificity = 80.93%). Our findings show that TDAS with a cut-off point can yield higher diagnostic accuracy than ADOS-2 and TDAS domain. Diagnosis by using this cut-off point could be useful in practical assessments