Comparative efficacy of intravenous premedication of clonidine versus nalbuphine on intraoperative hemodynamic profile of patients during surgery under general anesthesia: a randomized study

Background: Airway manipulation and surgical stimulation lead to variable changes in hemodynamic profile due to increase in plasma catecholamine levels, but these changes can be attenuated by appropriate premedication. The present study was designed to compare the clinical efficacy of intravenous premedication of clonidine with nalbuphine on intraoperative hemodynamic profile of patients during surgery under general anaesthesia.Methods: Sixty adult consenting patients of ASA physical status I and II of either gender were randomized into two groups of 30 patients each, to receive either intravenous clonidine (2 μg/kg) or nalbuphine (0.2 mg/kg), 10 min before induction with propofol. Direct laryngoscopy and intubation were facilitated with vecuronium bromide. Changes in heart rate, blood pressure and electrocardiogram were recorded at specific time intervals and were noted as primary variable. Any adverse effects and complications were recorded as secondary outcomes.Results: After laryngoscopy and intubation, the increase in mean heart rate and mean blood pressure occurred immediately in patients of both groups, but persisted up to 6 to 10 min in patients of clonidine group, thereafter the changes returned back to baseline values, while in patients of nalbuphine group, this increase persisted up to 8 to 10 min. The differences in hemodynamic changes between the groups were statistically significant throughout the surgery and post extubation.Conclusions: Intravenous clonidine was more effective than nalbuphine to attenuate the hemodynamics changes during stressful period of laryngoscopy, intubation and surgery

Role of Different Integer Virtual Machine in Cloud Data Center

In modern data centres of cloud computing contains virtualization system. In order to improve network stability, energy efficiency, and makespan proper virtualization need. The virtual machine is one of the examples of virtualizations. Cloud computing data centres consist of millions of virtual machine to manage load balancing. In this study check the different number of virtual machine role in data centres, for that purpose, we established a network with the help of cloudsim and compare different data centres at each zones taking a different number of the virtual machine with different paramater and network banwith.After the simulation the result shows that increasning in the number of VM can affect the netwok accuracy in term of energy ,processing time ,coast and network stabality .

Practices of Motivators in Adopting Agile Software Development at Large Scale Development Team from Management Perspective

Agile software development methodologies have become the most popular software development methods in the last few years. These methodologies facilitate rapid development. The low cost and prioritized user satisfaction make these methodologies more attractive. These methodologies were also intended for small scale developmental teams. Therefore, challenges were encountered when these methodologies were used in large-scale development teams. This study was based on the identification of factors which were discovered in our previous study. Some of the factors included “leadership strong commitment and team autonomy”, “cooperative organizational culture”, and “team competency—agile development expertise”. A total of 147 practices were identified in this study via a systematic literature review. These practices will help practitioners and project managers to adopt agile software methodologies and encourage them to the enhance them