Pulmonary function after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and abbreviated anesthetic-surgical time

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a função pulmonar pós-colecistectomias laparoscópicas. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, onde se avaliaram espirometrias pós-operatórias de 15 pacientes submetidas à colecistectomias laparoscópicas por meio de um tempo anestésico-cirúrgico abreviado. Os dados pós-operatórios foram comparados aos pré-operatórios RESULTADOS: Existiram diferenças significativas para as variáveis Capacidade Vital Forçada (p=0,020) e Volume Expiratório Forçado no 1º segundo (p=0,022) no pré e pós-operatório imediato, indicando distúrbios ventilatórios restritivos. CONCLUSÃO: Foram observados distúrbios ventilatórios restritivos leves pós-colecistectomias laparoscópicas, com rápida recuperação da função pulmonar, o que pode diminuir a morbidade pulmonar pós-operatória.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pulmonary function after laparoscopic cholecystectomies. MEHTODS: Prospective study, in which the post-operative spirometries of 15 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomies with abbreviated anesthetic-surgical time were analyzed. RESULTS: Significant differences existed for the Forced Vital Capacity variable (p=0,020) and Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (p=0,022) between pre- and immediate post-operative, indicating restrictive ventilatory disturbances. CONLCUSION: Light restrictive laparoscopic post-cholecystectomy ventilatory disturbances were observed, with rapid recovery of pulmonary function, which may lower post-operative pulmonary morbidity

Current Elective Surgical Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing world-wide and most patient will require some surgical treatment once in life. IBD surgical patients are a challenge to surgeons. Main goals of surgical treatment are (1) to preserve the small bowel integrity because many resections may lead the patient to a small bowel short syndrome and (2) restore normal function as they have absorption disturbances. IBD patients may present mal-nutrition status and/or immunosuppression at the time of surgery. Types of surgery range from a simple plasty in Crohn disease to a total proctocolectomy in Ulcerative Colitis. For Crohn disease most procedures avoid resection and use diseased segments to prevent disabsorption. Herein we describe the most currently used techniques to treat IBD patients, when to indicate surgery and how to prepare them to less outcomes. Patients with Crohn disease with high risk for short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure should be submitted to Strictureplasty otherwise, Bowel Resection is the favored surgical technique for the management of fibrostenotic. Bowel Resection is associated with lower recurrence rate and longer recurrence-free survival

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Colonic transit time in constipated patients with chagasic megacolon

O megacólon chagásico pode acometer até 10% dos pacientes na fase crônica da doença e o principal sintoma é a constipação intestinal que pode variar de dias a meses. Vários aspectos da fisiopatologia do megacólon não são bem compreendidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o tempo de trânsito colônico com marcadores radiopacos em portadores de megacólon chagásico com constipação intestinal crônica acima de oito dias. Foram estudados 64 pacientes (36 mulheres e 28 homens), idade variando de 32 a 76 anos, com história clínica de constipação intestinal crônica, diagnóstico radiológico por enema opaco de megacólon e com provas sorológicas positivas para doença de Chagas. Foi considerado como megacólon quando o diâmetro do cólon era maior ou igual 6,5 cm. Para avaliar o tempo de trânsito colônico, cada paciente ingeriu uma cápsula contendo 24 marcadores em forma de anéis radiopacos (Sitzmarks, Consil Pharmaceutics, Fort Worth, EEUU), e realizadas radiografias simples de abdome (ortostase) após três e cinco dias. Um grupo de 20 pacientes, sem constipação e com sorologia negativa para doença de Chagas, foi avaliado pela mesma metodologia e considerado como controle. A interpretação da localização e contagem dos marcadores foi realizada dividindo-se o intestino grosso nos segmentos: cólon direito, cólon esquerdo e retossigmóide. Empregou-se o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para comparação do número de marcadores colônicos entre si e no 3o e 5o dias. O número de marcadores em cada grupo, em períodos distintos, foi avaliado com o teste de Wilcoxon. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson foi utilizado para se avaliar a influência dos fatores externos (sexo, idade, tempo do início dos sintomas em anos, dias de constipação e presença de megarreto). O tempo de início dos sintomas variou de um a 33 anos e a duração da constipação, em dias, variou de oito a 90 dias. O megarreto ocorreu em 68,8% dos pacientes. Não se observou diferença, com significado estatístico, na quantidade total de marcadores retidos no 3o e 5o dias do exame entre os pacientes de ambos os sexos com e sem megarreto. A quantidade de marcadores, em cada segmento, colônico mostrou diferença estatística. Estes marcadores apresentaram uma distribuição em forma de um gradiente, crescendo de proximal para distal tanto no 3o quanto no 5o dia. Ocorreu uma progressão dos marcadores em direção ao ânus com um acúmulo no retossigmóide com diferença estatística do 3o para o 5o dia. Conclusões: houve retenção quase total dos marcadores até o 5o dia com predomínio no cólon esquerdo e no retossigmóide, sendo maior no retossigmóide; não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na retenção total dos marcadores entre o 3o e o 5o dia de exame; os fatores: idade, sexo, início dos sintomas, dias de constipação e megarreto não interferiram na quantidade e localização dos marcadores; os segmentos colônicos direito e esquerdo apresentaram trânsito lento, tendo ocorrido estase dos marcadores no retossigmóideChagasic megacolon may be present in up to 10% of infected people during chronic phase of the disease. Long lasting constipation of a few days up to months is the main complaint. Phisiopathology of megacolon is not completely understood as well as the predominant dilatation of sigmoid colon. This study addressed the colonic transit time (CTT) in patients with acquired megacolon with chronic constipation grater then 8 days. Study group consisted of 64 patients (36 women and 28 men); age ranged from 32 to 76 years. All patients had clinical history of constipation, barium enema showing megacolon (colon diameter ³ 6,5 cm) and positive serological tests for Chagas disease. CTT was evaluated by oral administration of a capsule with 24 ring-shaped radiopaque markers (Sitzmarks, Consil Pharmaceutics, Fort Worth, USA) and plain abdominal X-Rays were taken in the 3rd and 5th days post capsule ingestion. Twenty patients with no colorectal complaint and negative serology for Chagas disease were submitted to the same CTT exam as a control group. Results of number and position of radiopaque markers were evaluated according to large bowel segments: right colon, left colon and rectosigmoid colon. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to compare the number of markers by segments in the 3rd and 5th days and Wilcoxon test to compare groups by the number of markers. Pearson correlating test was applied to analyze variables as sex, age, symptoms onset (years), period of constipation (days) and megarectum association. Onset of symptoms ranged from 1 to 33 years while constipation varied from 8 to 90 days. There was not difference between the number of retained colonic markers in the 3rd and 5th days post administration. The number of markers in each colonic segment had significant difference statistically in the 3rd and 5th days with greater numbers from proximal to distal colon. Such distribution assumed an aspect of a gradient and some radiopaque markers moved towards rectosigmoid colon from 3rd to 5th days with difference statistically significant. Conclusions: majority of radiopaque markers was retained up to 5th day in the left and rectosigmoid colon with greater accumulation in the rectosigmoid; sex, age, symptoms onset (years), period of constipation (days) and megarectum association had not influenced the number and position of retained markers; right an left colons showed slow transit while rectosigmoid showed fecal stasi

Colonic transit time in constipated patients with chagasic megacolon

O megacólon chagásico pode acometer até 10% dos pacientes na fase crônica da doença e o principal sintoma é a constipação intestinal que pode variar de dias a meses. Vários aspectos da fisiopatologia do megacólon não são bem compreendidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o tempo de trânsito colônico com marcadores radiopacos em portadores de megacólon chagásico com constipação intestinal crônica acima de oito dias. Foram estudados 64 pacientes (36 mulheres e 28 homens), idade variando de 32 a 76 anos, com história clínica de constipação intestinal crônica, diagnóstico radiológico por enema opaco de megacólon e com provas sorológicas positivas para doença de Chagas. Foi considerado como megacólon quando o diâmetro do cólon era maior ou igual 6,5 cm. Para avaliar o tempo de trânsito colônico, cada paciente ingeriu uma cápsula contendo 24 marcadores em forma de anéis radiopacos (Sitzmarks, Consil Pharmaceutics, Fort Worth, EEUU), e realizadas radiografias simples de abdome (ortostase) após três e cinco dias. Um grupo de 20 pacientes, sem constipação e com sorologia negativa para doença de Chagas, foi avaliado pela mesma metodologia e considerado como controle. A interpretação da localização e contagem dos marcadores foi realizada dividindo-se o intestino grosso nos segmentos: cólon direito, cólon esquerdo e retossigmóide. Empregou-se o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para comparação do número de marcadores colônicos entre si e no 3o e 5o dias. O número de marcadores em cada grupo, em períodos distintos, foi avaliado com o teste de Wilcoxon. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson foi utilizado para se avaliar a influência dos fatores externos (sexo, idade, tempo do início dos sintomas em anos, dias de constipação e presença de megarreto). O tempo de início dos sintomas variou de um a 33 anos e a duração da constipação, em dias, variou de oito a 90 dias. O megarreto ocorreu em 68,8% dos pacientes. Não se observou diferença, com significado estatístico, na quantidade total de marcadores retidos no 3o e 5o dias do exame entre os pacientes de ambos os sexos com e sem megarreto. A quantidade de marcadores, em cada segmento, colônico mostrou diferença estatística. Estes marcadores apresentaram uma distribuição em forma de um gradiente, crescendo de proximal para distal tanto no 3o quanto no 5o dia. Ocorreu uma progressão dos marcadores em direção ao ânus com um acúmulo no retossigmóide com diferença estatística do 3o para o 5o dia. Conclusões: houve retenção quase total dos marcadores até o 5o dia com predomínio no cólon esquerdo e no retossigmóide, sendo maior no retossigmóide; não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na retenção total dos marcadores entre o 3o e o 5o dia de exame; os fatores: idade, sexo, início dos sintomas, dias de constipação e megarreto não interferiram na quantidade e localização dos marcadores; os segmentos colônicos direito e esquerdo apresentaram trânsito lento, tendo ocorrido estase dos marcadores no retossigmóideChagasic megacolon may be present in up to 10% of infected people during chronic phase of the disease. Long lasting constipation of a few days up to months is the main complaint. Phisiopathology of megacolon is not completely understood as well as the predominant dilatation of sigmoid colon. This study addressed the colonic transit time (CTT) in patients with acquired megacolon with chronic constipation grater then 8 days. Study group consisted of 64 patients (36 women and 28 men); age ranged from 32 to 76 years. All patients had clinical history of constipation, barium enema showing megacolon (colon diameter ³ 6,5 cm) and positive serological tests for Chagas disease. CTT was evaluated by oral administration of a capsule with 24 ring-shaped radiopaque markers (Sitzmarks, Consil Pharmaceutics, Fort Worth, USA) and plain abdominal X-Rays were taken in the 3rd and 5th days post capsule ingestion. Twenty patients with no colorectal complaint and negative serology for Chagas disease were submitted to the same CTT exam as a control group. Results of number and position of radiopaque markers were evaluated according to large bowel segments: right colon, left colon and rectosigmoid colon. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to compare the number of markers by segments in the 3rd and 5th days and Wilcoxon test to compare groups by the number of markers. Pearson correlating test was applied to analyze variables as sex, age, symptoms onset (years), period of constipation (days) and megarectum association. Onset of symptoms ranged from 1 to 33 years while constipation varied from 8 to 90 days. There was not difference between the number of retained colonic markers in the 3rd and 5th days post administration. The number of markers in each colonic segment had significant difference statistically in the 3rd and 5th days with greater numbers from proximal to distal colon. Such distribution assumed an aspect of a gradient and some radiopaque markers moved towards rectosigmoid colon from 3rd to 5th days with difference statistically significant. Conclusions: majority of radiopaque markers was retained up to 5th day in the left and rectosigmoid colon with greater accumulation in the rectosigmoid; sex, age, symptoms onset (years), period of constipation (days) and megarectum association had not influenced the number and position of retained markers; right an left colons showed slow transit while rectosigmoid showed fecal stasi