Affective disorders in patients with metabolic syndrome

The research was conducted among 625 patients aged from 25 to 70years with abdominal obesity (51,2 % women and 48,8 % men). Affective disorders (depressed mood) were revealed in 42,9 % of patients with various metabolic syndrome (MS) components. Affective disorders caused appearance and further advance of MS components, having negative influence on its course. At the increase of duration of existence of separate MS components the depressions were diagnosed more often

Concorrência tributária entre regiões da Rússia e seus indicadores

The article focuses on approaches to assessing the competitive advantages of regions of Russia in the area of taxation, the main approaches to the definition of tax competition at the present stage used in the scientific literature, are considered; emphasis on the influence of internal tax competition on social and economic development of the regions; the possibilities of using a number of quantitative and qualitative indicators to assess the competitive advantages of the regions in the area of taxation are summarized; ranking of the regions of Russia by using tax authorities to provide tax benefits of corporate income tax paid to the budget of the Russian Federation constituent, was performed; the conclusion about the relationship of investment activity and the availability of competitive advantages in the area of taxation was made; the development problems of the regional competitive advantages in the area of taxation and prospects for their solution are described.El artículo se centra en los enfoques para evaluar las ventajas competitivas de las regiones de Rusia en el área de la tributación, se consideran los principales enfoques para la definición de competencia fiscal en la etapa actual utilizados en la literatura científica; énfasis en la influencia de la competencia fiscal interna sobre el desarrollo social y económico de las regiones; se resumen las posibilidades de utilizar una serie de indicadores cuantitativos y cualitativos para evaluar las ventajas competitivas de las regiones en el área de la tributación; clasificación de las regiones de Rusia mediante el uso de las autoridades fiscales para proporcionar los beneficios fiscales del impuesto sobre la renta corporativo pagado al presupuesto del constituyente de la Federación de Rusia; se llegó a la conclusión sobre la relación de la actividad inversora y la disponibilidad de ventajas competitivas en el área de tributación; se describen los problemas de desarrollo de las ventajas competitivas regionales en el área de impuestos y las perspectivas para su solución. O artigo enfoca as abordagens para avaliar as vantagens competitivas das regiões russas na área de tributação, considerando as principais abordagens para a definição de concorrência tributária no atual estágio utilizado na literatura científica; ênfase na influência da concorrência fiscal interna no desenvolvimento social e econômico das regiões; as possibilidades de utilizar uma série de indicadores quantitativos e qualitativos para avaliar as vantagens competitivas das regiões na área de tributação são resumidas; classificação das regiões da Rússia, usando as autoridades fiscais para fornecer os benefíciosfiscais do imposto de renda corporativo pago ao orçamento do constituinte da Federação Russa; chegouse à conclusão sobre a relação entre a atividade de investimento e a disponibilidade de vantagens competitivas na área de tributação; São descritos os problemas de desenvolvimento de vantagenscompetitivas regionais na área tributária e as perspectivas de sua solução

COMPONENTS OF IDEAS ABOUT SELF-EFFICACY OF THE SPECIALIST

In the research of psychologists, much attention is paid to the study of the potential conditions that determine the success of professional activity and social interaction. Own idea of one’s own abilities and possibilities of managing one’s life, confidence in one’s own success and productivity of activity, accompanied by a positive emotional state, are constituent elements of a holistic phenomenon, defined by A Bandura as self-efficacy. Self-efficacy creates a positive context for the life path, positive development, and the success of emotional regulation. However, self-efficacy is not a static general characteristic of the individual. It is far more promising to view self-efficacy as an important variable, qualitative and quantitative parameters of self-efficacy are interconnected with the real situation, as well as with the experience and emotionality of the subject. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of self-efficacy are interconnected with the real situation, as well as with the experience and emotionality of the subject. The level of self-efficacy actually determines a person’s readiness to choose a strategy of success-oriented behavior in a difficult situation for him. The article presents the results of an empirical study that made it possible to formulate conclusions about the identified levels of characteristics that can speak about the level of specialist self-efficacy

Medicinal plant cultivation for sustainable use and commercialisation of high-value crops

Many traditional healing systems are based on natural biological resources, and there is a general shift in most parts of the world towards natural medicine, with direct implications on the demand and supply of medicinal plants. This review highlights the economic importance of medicinal plants, their contribution to healthcare systems, and potential opportunities for rural economic development through cultivation.  A systematic literature review with specific search terms related to medicinal plants was used to collect scientific and non-scientific information from peer-reviewed literature and grey literature databases. The findings indicate that trade in medicinal plants is increasing, and although they are considered minor crops compared to major food crops, their value is among the highest in the list of traded plants globally. The trade also serves as a revenue source for many rural livelihoods, with women playing a significant role. Medicinal plants contribute to primary health care in many developing countries, and they are also an essential source of modern drug discovery. Cultivation of medicinal plants offers emerging rural farmers an opportunity to grow these plants as new and alternative crops, thus reducing unsustainable wild harvesting and competition with established commercial farmers who mostly focus on food crops. Furthermore, medicinal plant cultivation should be promoted as one of the options for local economic development and sustainability through job creation, the revival of the rural economy, and income generation for small businesses, such as the transport businesses, involved in the value chain. Land accessibility, financial resources, and direct market access for rural communities can elevate their contribution to the industry. Formalisation of the lower levels of the medicinal plant trade is also recommended. Significance:• Cultivation is a viable option for biodiversity conservation of medicinal plants and ensuring a goodquality supply of plant materials.• Cultivation of medicinal plants – a source of natural products used in product development – can contribute to job creation, income generation, and rural economies in developing countries.• This review underlines the importance of medicinal plants in product development, the contribution of the industry to economies of different countries, and the potential for cultivation

Аберрантный ангиогенез в ткани головного мозга при экспериментальной болезни Альцгеймера

The aim was to study the molecular mechanisms of the violation of the structural and functional integrity ofthe blood-brain barrier in chronic neurodegeneration of the Alzheimer’s type associated with the development of cerebral angiopathy.Materials and methods. The transgenic model of Alzheimer’s disease is the B6SLJ-Tg line mice (APPSwFlLon,PSEN1 * M146L * L286V) 6799Vas group which includes 9 months aged males. The control group included C57BL / 6 x SJL mice, males aged 9 months.Results. The total length of the vessels in the area of the dentate gyrus is 2.5 times greater in transgenic animal models of Alzheimer’s disease than in animals of the control group (p < 0.01). The average diameter of blood vessels in all areas of the hippocampus is smaller compared with the control (p < 0.05). Transgenic modeling of neurodegeneration in the CA2 zone of the hippocampus increases the relative area of tissue with increased permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB) (17.80 [9.15; 36.75]) compared to control (1.38 [0.04; 7.60]) at p < 0.05. A similar difference (p < 0.05) is also observed in the hippocampal area CA1. A tendency (p > 0.05) to decrease the number of CD31+ endothelial cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (21.52 [17.56; 24.50]) in animals of the experimental group compared with the control group (23.08[21.18; 29.84]) was detected. A similar situation is observed in the CA2 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus.Conclusion. Neurodegenerative changes in the hippocampus of animals with a transgenic AD model are associated with impaired microcirculation in the brain tissue as a result of a reduction in the diameter and branching of blood vessels, and damage and increased permeability of BBB.Цель – изучение молекулярных механизмов нарушения структурно-функциональной целостности гематоэнцефалического барьера (ГЭБ) при хронической нейродегенерации  альцгеймеровского типа, ассоциированной с развитием церебральной ангипопатии. Материалы и методы. Опытная группа – генетическая модель болезни Альцгеймера (БА) – мыши линии B6SLJ -Tg(APPSwFlLon,PSEN1*M146L*L286V)6799Vas, самцы в возрасте 9 мес. Контрольная группа – мыши линии C57BL/6 x SJL, самцы в возрасте 9 мес.Результаты. У животных с генетической моделью БА в зубчатой извилине гиппокампа  общая длина сосудов в 2,5 раза больше, чем у контрольной группы (p < 0,01), при этом  средний диаметр сосудов во всех областях гиппокампа меньше по сравнению с контролем (p < 0,05). Выявлено, что при генетическом моделировании  нейродегенерации в СА2 зоне гиппокампа наблюдается увеличение относительной  площади ткани с повышенной проницаемостью ГЭБ (17,80 [9,15;36,75]) по сравнению с контролем (1,38 [0,04;7,60]) при p < 0,05. Подобное различие (p < 0,05) наблюдается и в зоне СА1 гиппокампа. У животных опытной группы выявлена тенденция (p > 0,05) к снижению количества CD31+ эндотелиальных клеток в зубчатой извилине гиппокампа (21,52 [17,56; 24,50]) по сравнению с контролем (23,08 [21,18; 29,84]). Аналогичная ситуация наблюдается в зонах СА2 и СА3 гиппокампа.Заключение. Нейродегенеративные изменения в гиппокампе животных с генетической  моделью БА ассоциированы с нарушением микроциркуляции в ткани головного мозга в  результате сокращения диаметра и разветвленности сосудов, повреждения и повышения проницаемости ГЭБ

Plasticity of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells and Regulation of Angiogenesis

Adipose tissue is recognized as an important organ with metabolic, regulatory, and plastic roles. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) with self-renewal properties localize in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) being present in a vascular niche, thereby, contributing to local regulation of angiogenesis and vessel remodeling. In the past decades, ASCs have attracted much attention from biologists and bioengineers, particularly, because of their multilineage differentiation potential, strong proliferation, and migration abilities in vitro and high resistance to oxidative stress and senescence. Current data suggest that the SVF serves as an important source of endothelial progenitors, endothelial cells, and pericytes, thereby, contributing to vessel remodeling and growth. In addition, ASCs demonstrate intriguing metabolic and interlineage plasticity, which makes them good candidates for creating regenerative therapeutic protocols, in vitro tissue models and microphysiological systems, and tissue-on-chip devices for diagnostic and regeneration-supporting purposes. This review covers recent achievements in understanding the metabolic activity within the SVF niches (lactate and NAD+ metabolism), which is critical for maintaining the pool of ASCs, and discloses their pro-angiogenic potential, particularly, in the complex therapy of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases

Экспрессия P-гликопротеина на лимфоцитах периферической крови при тяжелых формах бронхиальной астмы и его роль в определении чувствительности к терапии глюкокортикостероидами

P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is a membrane transporter of hydrophobic molecules providing efflux of xenobiotics from the cytosole outside the cell. In epithelial cells, Pgp is thought to be responsible for resistance to steroids. Severe bronchial asthma (SBA) is a heterogenous disease characterized by resistance to and dependence on steroids. The goal of this study was to assess expression of Pgp on peripheral blood lymphocytes in severe bronchial asthma and to evaluate the role of Pgp in developing the resistance to glucocorticoid therapy (GC). Assessment of Pgp expression revealed difference in response to GC treatment. All the patients were susceptible to GC, however, the time of therapeutic effect appearance and the number of Pgp-immunopositive cells differed significantly. Thus, more prolonged application of GC for reducing clinical manifestations was required in patients with aspirin induced or fatal bronchial asthma. The number of Pgp-immunopositive lymphocytes per one patients was significantly higher in patients with fatal bronchial asthma and in patients with steroid dependent bronchial asthma (6.8 ± 0.1 and 7.2 ± 0.2, respectively) comparing with patients with non stable bronchial asthma being therapeutically resistant (3.2±0.2 and 3.5±0.1, respectively). Thus, our findings suggest possible pathogenic role of Pgp in development of resistance to GC therapy in patients with bronchial asthma. Detection of Pgp expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes would allow optimizing the volume and duration of intensive anti inflammatory therapy and predicting the doses of basic drugs.P-гликопротеин (Pgp) — мембранный транспортер гидрофобных молекул, обеспечивающий выброс ксенобиотиков из цитоплазмы во внеклеточное пространство. В клетках эпителиальной природы Pgp отвечает за стероидорезистентность. Тяжелая БА (ТБА) — гетерогенное заболевание, характеризующееся формированием стероидозависимости или стероидорезистентности. Цель исследования изучить экспрессию Pgp на лимфоцитах периферической крови при тяжелых формах бронхиальной астмы (БА) и его роль в развитии резистентности к глюкокортикостероидной (ГКС) терапии. Изучение экспрессии Pgp выявило различие в ответе на лечение ГКС. Все пациенты были чувствительны к ГКС, но время наступления терапевтического эффекта и количество клеток Pgp+ в исследуемых группах достоверно отличались. Так, у пациентов с аспириновой и фатальной БА (ФБА) потребовалось более продолжительное назначение ГКС для купирования обострения. Количество Pgp+ лимфоцитов на одного больного также достоверно оказалось выше и составило 6,8 ± 0,1 в группе ФБА и 7,2 ± 0,2 у пациентов со стероидозависимой БА, в сравнении с больными с терапевтически резистентной (ТРБА) и нестабильной (НБА) — 3,2 ± 0,2 и 3,5 ± 0,1 соответственно. Таким образом, проведенное нами исследование подтверждает возможную патогенетическую роль Pgp в развитии резистентности пациентов БА к терапии ГКС. Определение уровня экспрессии Pgp+ на лимфоцитах периферической крови поможет оптимизировать объем и продолжительность интенсивной противовоспалительной терапии и прогнозировать дозы базисных препаратов

Oxytocin signal and social behaviour: comparison among adult and infant oxytocin, oxytocin receptor and CD38 gene knockout mice.

金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系Oxytocin in the hypothalamus is the biological basis of social recognition, trust, love and bonding. Previously, we showed that CD38, a proliferation marker in leukaemia cells, plays an important role in the hypothalamus in the process of oxytocin release in adult mice. Disruption of Cd38 (Cd38 (-/-)) elicited impairment of maternal behaviour and male social recognition in adult mice, similar to the behaviour observed in Oxt and oxytocin receptor (Oxtr) gene knockout (Oxt (-/-) and Oxtr (-/-), respectively) mice. Locomotor activity induced by separation from the dam was higher and the number of ultrasonic vocalisation calls was lower in Cd38 (-/-) than Cd38( +/+) pups. However, these behavioural changes were much milder than those observed in Oxt (-/-) and Oxtr (-/-) mice, indicating less impairment of social behaviour in Cd38 (-/-) pups. These phenotypes appeared to be caused by the high plasma oxytocin levels during development from the neonatal period to 3-week-old juvenile mice. ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity was markedly lower in the knockout mice from birth, suggesting that weaning for mice is a critical time window of plasma oxytocin differentiation. Breastfeeding was an important exogenous source of plasma oxytocin regulation before weaning as a result of the presence of oxytocin in milk and the dam\u27s mammary glands. The dissimilarity between Cd38 (-/-) infant behaviour and those of Oxt (-/-) or Oxtr (-/-) mice can be explained partly by this exogenous source of oxytocin. These results suggest that secretion of oxytocin into the brain in a CD38-dependent manner may play an important role in the development of social behaviour