12 research outputs found
Lagrange multiplier and Wess-Zumino variable as large extra dimensions in the torus universe
We study the effect of the topology of universe by gauging the
non-relativistic particle model on the torus and 3-torus, using the symplectic
formalism of constrained systems and embedding those models on extended
phase-spaces. Also, we obtain the generators of the gauge transformations for
gauged models. Extracting the corresponding Poisson structure of the existed
constraints, we show the effect of the topology on the canonical structure of
the phase-spaces of those models and suggest some phenomenology to prove the
topology of the universe and probable non-commutative structure of the space.
In addition, we show that the number of large extra dimensions in the
Phase-spaces of the gauged embeded models are exactly two. Moreover, in the
classical form, we talk over MOND theory in order to study the origin of the
terms appeared in the gauged theory, which modify the Newton's second law.Comment: Major revision: text and contents corrected and recovered thanks to
unknown journal referee. Many refs added. Final version which will be
published in the journa
A Gauged Open 2-Brane String in the p
We make a gauge theory from the Open p-brane system and map it into the Open 2-Brane one. Due to the presence of second-class constraints in this model, we encounter some problems during the procedure of quantization. In this regard, considering boundary conditions as Dirac conditions, one can drive the constrained structure of the model at first. Then, with the help of BFT formalism of constraint systems, the Open 2-Brane model is embedded into an extended phase space. For this purpose, we introduce some tensor fields to convert ungauged theory into the gauged one. This is the novel part of our research, while mostly scalar and vector fields are used to convert second-class constraints into first ones
Modified Anyonic Particle and Its Fundamental Gauge Symmetries
In this article, we study the possibility of changing a physical degree of freedom of a particle to its quantum spin after quantization is applied. Our approach to do such a survey is increasing the fundamental symmetries of the anyonic particle model with the help of the symplectic formalism of constrained systems. After extracting the corresponding Poisson structure of all constraints, we compare the effect of gauging on the phase spaces, the number of physical degrees of freedom, canonical structures of both primary and gauged models, and the spin of the anyon, in terms of its energy