Best economical quantity of nitrogen used on pangola grass and its determination by the factor's actual relative price

Realizou-se a análise econômica do efeito do fertilizante nitrogenado sobre uma pastagem de capim-pangola (Digitaria decumbens Stent). Na primeira fase estimou-se a curva de resposta com base em um experimento de campo conduzido durante quatro anos, e no qual esta gramínea foi submetida a cinco diferentes níveis de nitrogênio (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 kg/ha/N). A equação selecionada por regressão foi um polinômio do segundo grau: Y = 2289,23 + 52,45 N - 0,0784 N2, onde Y é a produção em kg por ha e N é a quantidade de nitrogênio em kg/ha. Na segunda fase, os resultados da análise econômica mostram que o produtor de carne atinge a máxima eficiência econômica (M.E.E.) em outubro de 1981, com 157 kg/ha/ano de N, enquanto que o produtor de leite obtém a M.E.E. com 249 kg/ha/N. Atinge-se a máxima eficiência técnica (M.E.T.) com 333 kg/ha/ano de N. Com o objetivo de que a análise seja sempre atual, foram determinados os níveis de N para atingir a M.E.E., a qualquer preço deste fator de produção em relação aos produtos de pecuária, carne e leite, pois cabe, por último, ao produtor, decidir, entre diversas alternativas, qual é a mais viável em suas condições e preços.The economic analysis of the effect of nitrogen used on pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens Stent) pasture was done. In the first period, the response curve was estimated based on a field experiment conducted during four years, in which this grass was submitted to five different levels of nitrogen (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 kg/ha of N). The equation selected by regression was a polynomial of second degree: Y = 2289.23 + 52.45 N - 0.0784 N2 , where Y is the production in kg/ha and N is the quantity of N in kg/ha. In the second period, the results of the economic analysis showed that the meat producer reaches the highest economical efficiency in October of 1981, with 157 kg/ha/year of N. The milk producer reaches it with 249 kg/ha/year. The highest technical efficiency was reached with 333 kg/ha/year of N. Searching for an up-to-date analysis, the nitrogen levels were determined to reach the highest economical efficiency, at any price, of this production factor, related with the cattle breeding products (meat and milk), since that it is up to the producer to decide between the alternatives, which Is the most practicable in its conditions and prices

Economic efficiency of nitrogen in cultivated pastures

Realizou-se a análise econômica do efeito do fator nitrogênio sobre uma pastagem de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Utilizou-se a curva de resposta de um experimento de campo, onde a gramínea foi submetida a cinco níveis de nitrogênio. Os resultados mostraram que a máxima eficiência técnica foi atingida com 154 kg/ha/ano de N; e a máxima eficiência econômica, com 86 kg/ha/ano de N. Para compensar a instabilidade da moeda, construiu-se uma tabela que relaciona a variação de preço insumo/produto com os respectivos níveis de máxima eficiência econômica no uso do fator, ou seja, para qualquer alteração na relação de preços, calculou-se uma nova dose ótima econômica.The economic analysis of the effect of applied nitrogen on a rye-grass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pasture was done, utilizing five levels of nitrogen on a field experiment. The data showed that the maximum technical efficiency was reached with the utilization of 154 kg/ha/year of N and the highest economical efficiency with 86 kg/ha/year of N. Since the price of N varies frequently the alternative that was found for maintaining the relation between fertilizer and product up-to-date, a table that shows the highest economical efficiency for any price of nitrogen/product relationship was built. This means that, for any variation in the relation of prices fertilizer/product one is able to find a new optimum level of nitrogen

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data