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    « Strictement confidentiel » Les décorations de la République populaire Hongroise

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    Les experts en phalĂ©ristique, une science auxiliaire ayant pour objet les dĂ©corations, savaient depuis le dĂ©but des annĂ©es 1970 que les autoritĂ©s compĂ©tentes de la RĂ©publique populaire de Hongrie avaient mis en place un systĂšme de distinctions qualifiĂ© de « hautement confidentiel » qui dĂ©signait les dĂ©corations qui auraient pu ĂȘtre dĂ©cernĂ©es aux soldats de l’ArmĂ©e populaire hongroise en cas de nouvelle guerre. Au moment du changement de rĂ©gime politique en 1989, les spĂ©cimens de ces dĂ©corations de guerre furent retrouvĂ©s dans des collections privĂ©es. Le graphiste IstvĂĄn PakurĂĄr, concepteur-dessinateur de ces dĂ©corations dĂ©clara que MihĂĄly Farkas, ministre de la DĂ©fense nationale, lui avait ordonnĂ© de faire ce travail au dĂ©but des annĂ©es 1950. Toutefois les chercheurs ne disposent d’aucune source concrĂšte datable pour Ă©tayer ces demi-vĂ©ritĂ©s incertaines. L’objet de cette Ă©tude est d’étayer ces informations par des documents d’archives publiĂ©s dans la revue des archives. Produites entre 1964 et 1969, ces sources prouvent que c’est le ComitĂ© de la dĂ©fense nationale qui prit les dĂ©cisions concernant les dĂ©corations de guerre, entre autres, et qui donna des instructions d’application. Il ressort des sources que les premiers projets de statuts relatifs aux dĂ©corations de guerre furent rĂ©digĂ©s en 1965, les projets artistiques naquirent en 1966, tandis que les prĂ©paratifs de la fabrication eurent lieu au dĂ©but de 1968. Les spĂ©cimens des dĂ©corations ne pouvaient donc pas ĂȘtre rĂ©alisĂ©s plus tĂŽt. Les auteurs prĂ©sentent les dessins de ces dĂ©corations appartenant Ă  la collection du musĂ©e d’Histoire militaire de Hongrie, ainsi que les spĂ©cimens rĂ©alisĂ©s d’aprĂšs les plans sĂ©lectionnĂ©s. Parmi ceux-ci, seule la dĂ©coration « HĂ©ros de la RĂ©publique populaire de Hongrie » fut utilisĂ©e par la suite.Experts of Phaleritics, a field dealing with medals, have had information from the early 1970s about the proper authorities of the Hungarian People’s Republic having elaborated a system of recognition classified as ‘Strictly confidential’, which could have been used to reward soldiers of the Hungarian People’s Army in case of a new war. Some specimens of these proposed war medals even turned up from private collections during the change of the political regime in 1989. IstvĂĄn PakurĂĄr, a graphic artist who designed the look of the medals, said that Minister of Defence MihĂĄly Farkas had ordered him to do the work as early as the beginning of the 1950s. However, fellows dealing with the topic have hitherto not been able to support these uncertain half-truths with exact, dated sources. Our paper gains its significance by the fact that it finally gives evidence to the knowledge by palpable archival documents, now published in the documents collection. These sources, dating back to 1964–1969, prove that there was a top organisation, the National Defence Committee, which decided about war medals and gave implementation orders. The sources show that the first statute drafts of the decorations to be established in case of war were written in 1965, the art designs could have been made in 1966, and preparations for production had been made by the beginning of 1968. This year is the earliest date that the specimens of the medals could have been manufactured. The authors present the medal designs which have been acquired by the Hungarian Military History Museum, as well as the specimens which were manufactured by the chosen plans, but were never introduced as a whole (except for the title and medal Hero of the Hungarian People’s Republic)
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