Hybrydowy model służący modelowaniu zasolenia rzeki Tafna w Algierii

In this paper, the capacity of an Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for predicting salinity of the Tafna River is investigated. Time series data of daily liquid flow and saline concentrations from the gauging station of Pierre du Chat (160801) were used for training, validation and testing the hybrid model. Different methods were used to test the accuracy of our results, i.e. coefficient of determination (R2), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (E), root of the mean squared error (RSR) and graphic techniques. The model produced satisfactory results and showed a very good agreement between the predicted and observed data, with R2 equal (88% for training, 78.01% validation and 80.00% for testing), E equal (85.84% for training, 82.51% validation and 78.17% for testing), and RSR equal (2% for training, 10% validation and 49% for testing).W pracy badano zdolność systemu wnioskowania rozmytego opartego na adaptacyjnej sieci (ANFIS) do przewidywania zasolenia rzeki Tafna. Do trenowania, oceny i testowania modelu hybrydowego wykorzystano serie pomiarów dobowych przepływów płynu i stężeń soli ze stacji pomiarowej w Pierre du Chat (160801). Dokładność wyników testowano za pomocą: współczynnika determinacji (R2), współczynnika wydajności Nasha–Sutcliffe’a (E), pierwiastka średniego błędu kwadratowego (RSR) i technik graficznych. Model dał zadowalające wyniki i wykazywał dobrą zgodność między danymi obserwowanymi a przewidywanymi: R2 (88% w przypadku uczenia sieci, 78.01% walidacji i 80.00% testowania), E (85.84% w przypadku uczenia sieci, 82.51% walidacji i 78.17% testowania) i RSR (2% w przypadku uczenia sieci, 10% walidacji i 49% testowania)

Emergence of Nasal Carriage of ST80 and ST152 PVL+ Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Livestock in Algeria

The spread of toxinogenic Staphylococcus aureus is a public health problem in Africa. The objectives of the study were to investigate the rate of S. aureus nasal carriage and molecular characteristics of these strains in livestock and humans in three Algerian provinces. Nasal samples were collected from camels, horses, cattle, sheep and monkeys, as well as humans in contact with them. S. aureus isolates were genotyped using DNA microarray. The rate of S. aureus nasal carriage varied between species: camels (53%), humans and monkeys (50%), sheep (44.2%), horses (15.2%) and cattle (15%). Nine methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates (7.6%) were identified, isolated from camels and sheep. The S. aureus isolates belonged to 15 different clonal complexes. Among them, PVL+ (Panton–Valentine Leukocidin) isolates belonging to ST80-MRSA-IV and ST152-MSSA were identified in camels (n = 3, 13%) and sheep (n = 4, 21.1%). A high prevalence of toxinogenic animal strains was noted containing TSST-1- (22.2%), EDINB- (29.6%) and EtD- (11.1%) encoding genes. This study showed the dispersal of the highly human pathogenic clones ST152-MSSA and ST-80-MRSA in animals. It suggests the ability of some clones to cross the species barrier and jump between humans and several animal species