Public attitudes towards health after COVID-19 pandemic according to healthcare professionals

Introduction: The consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic in all aspects of life have affected not only the public attitudes towards health authorities and bodies, but also towards health as a basic human value.Purpose: To determine public attitudes 2 years after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic according to practicing healthcare professionals.Materials and Methods: An anonymous online survey using Google Forms was conducted in April 2022 among healthcare professionals who were students in “Management of  health care” program.Results and discussion: According to health care professionals, there is low public trust between clients and health care providers. More than 1/5 of the respondents disagreed with the statement that "Our society has realized that health is the most important value", and 10.9% hesitated and answered "neither agree nor disagree". This attitude of the pledge to health as a value after 2 (two) years in conditions of a severe pandemic, may prove to be a great obstacle in the imposition of future measures by the health authorities related to the protection of public health.Conclusion: Actions are needed on the part of the health authorities in the country to build public trust in them. Adherence to measures imposed by health authorities are key in the event of a pandemic

Videosisällöt osana yritysten digitaalista markkinointiviestintää

Videosta on tullut keskeinen digitaalisen markkinointiviestinnän sisältömuoto. Tutkimuksessa pyrittiin kuvailemaan ja kartoittamaan sitä, kuinka suomalaiset yritykset ovat omaksuneet videosisällöt osaksi digitaalista markkinointiviestintäänsä ja millaiset videosisällöt edesauttavat digitaalisen markkinointiviestinnän tavoitteiden saavuttamista. Tutkimus toteutettiin toimeksiantona Videolle Productions Oy:lle. Tutkimuskysymykseen pyrittiin vastaamaan kolmen osaongelman avulla: 1. Miten videon erityispiirteet tukevat viestinnällisten tavoitteiden saavuttamista? 2. Minkälaisia eri videotyyppejä yritykset hyödyntävät digitaalisessa markkinointiviestinnässä? 3. Miten kohderyhmät tavoitetaan videosisältöjen avulla digitaalisessa toimintaympäristössä? Tutkimus toteutettiin kvalitatiivisesti painottuneena monimenetelmätutkimuksena. Aluksi suoritettiin markkinointipäättäjille suunnattu kartoittava kyselytutkimus. Kyselytutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli luoda yleiskatsaus siihen, kuinka merkittävästi videosisältöjä hyödynnetään suomalaisten yritysten digitaalisessa markkinointiviestinnässä. Kyselytutkimuksen jälkeen tutkimusta jatkettiin puolistrukturoiduilla markkinointipäättäjien yksilöhaastatteluilla. Haastatteluissa haettiin tarkempaa ymmärrystä ilmiöstä ja vastausta kysymykseen ”Miten videosisältöä käytetään osana yritysten digitaalista markkinointiviestintää”? Aineisto koostui kartoittavasta kyselystä (N=30) ja viidestä puolistrukturoidusta haastattelusta. Aineisto analysoitiin laadullisesti. Apuna käytettiin menetelmätriangulaatiota ja teemoittelua. Tulosten mukaan tutkittavat kokivat, että erityisesti videosisältöjen kuluttamisen ja prosessoinnin helppous ja videoiden kyky herättää katsojissa tunteita tukevat viestinnällisten tavoitteiden saavuttamista. Lisäksi videoiden kyky välittää tarinoita audiovisuaalisesti havaittiin tärkeäksi erityispiirteeksi. Tulosten mukaan videosisältöjä hyödynnetään erityisesti asiakaspolun alkuvaiheessa, jossa tavoitellaan tunnettuuden kasvattamista, huomion herättämistä ja asiakkaan harkintavaiheeseen vaikuttamista. Vaikka videosisältöjä käytetään monipuolisesti markkinointiviestinnässä, haasteellisiksi koetaan erityisesti videosisältöjen onnistumisen mittaaminen. Tutkimustulosten mukaan kaikkea videoiden potentiaalia asiakkaiden toimintaan aktivoimisessa ei ole vielä saavutettu

The Federal Law of March 7, 2011 № 26-ФЗ in action

The author considers problems that courts encounter dealing with motions of convicts to bring the existing sentences with compliance the Criminal Law in the context of the Federal Law № 26-FZ adopted on March 7, 2011. The article deals with the most problematic situations of qualifying and punishing individuals who are currently serving or have served their terms in accordance with verdicts

Relationship between daily rated depression symptom severity and the retrospective self-report on PHQ-9 : A prospective ecological momentary assessment study on 80 psychiatric outpatients

Peer reviewe

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

AbstractOptimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was &lt;1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.</jats:p

(1908–2012) henkilökohtainen valokuva

Tämä on hyvin henkilökohtaista, tämä kaikki. Ja se juuri on minun aiheeni: henkilökohtainen valokuvassa, omissani kuvissani ja koko valokuvauksen historiassa. Omassa tekemisessäni henkilökohtaisuus on koko ajan ollut tärkein lähtökohta. Ellei kuvissa olisi minun elämääni, jotakin minulle henkilökohtaista, ei niitä olisi edes olemassa. Henkilöhistoriani määrittää sitä mitä kuvaan – ja sitä, että ylipäätään kuvaan. Niinpä minä kiinnostuin henkilökohtaisen esittämisestä valokuvassa, siitä, miten ja milloin henkilökohtaisesta tuli lähtökohta taiteen tekemisessä. Ja ymmärsin kyllä heti, että olen liemessä. Oli tehtävä rajaus, määriteltävä. Ja minä tein sen näin: henkilökohtainen tarkoittaa tässä oman tai lähipiirin elämän kuvaamista, arkea valokuvassa, snapshot-estetiikalla kuvattuna. Snapshot siksi, että yksityisen ja arkipäiväisen valokuvaaminen on taidekontekstissa toteutettu usein tällä amatöörien estetiikalla. Käyttämällä tietoisesti hyväkseen amatöörikuvien virheitä taiteilija viittaa kuvaamisen yksityisyyteen, johonkin intiimiin ja subjektiiviseen – henkilökohtaiseen siis. Niin minä aloin kerätä palasia, poukkoilla, ja kaikki sekoittui: minun henkilöhistoriani, minun valokuvaamiseni historia ja snapshot-kuvauksen historia, vuodet. Lopussa on historia, joka on subjektiivista, yksityistä ja joka palvelee minun henkilökohtaisia tarkoitusperiäni. Jotakin joka minun oli tehtävä. Päiväkirja.This is very personal, all this. And that exactly is my topic: the personal in a photograph, in my own photographs and in the whole history of photography. The starting point in my own work has always been the personal. My photographs wouldn't even exist if my life, something personal, wasn't somehow included in them. My own history defines what I photograph – and that I photograph at all. That's how I got interested in how and when the personal became the basis for making art in general. I understood straight away that I was in trouble. I had to cut down, define. And I did it like this: in this work the personal means photographing the life of one's own or one's closest, something mundane, and in snapshot aesthetics. I chose the snapshot technique because the private and the everyday have often been portrayed by using this amateur aesthetics in the art context. By deliberately using the mistakes of amateur photography the artist refers to something private, intimate and subjective – to something personal, so to say. So I started to collect bits and pieces, to bounce here and there and everything got mixed up: my history, the history of my photographs and the history of snapshot-photography, the years. At the end there is a history that is subjective, private and that serves my personal interests. Something I had to do. A diary

Now they're talking : testing oral proficiency in a language laboratory

Efforts to increase the teaching of oral FL skills in the Finnish senior secondary schools have often been less successful, mainly because oral testing has not been part of the influential national school-leaving examination. Therefore, an attempt was made to develop and try out an oral test of FL English, which could be used to test all secondary school-leavers - more than 30 000 at a time - simultaneously. In order to develop a valid test the nature of oral proficiency was analyzed. Bachman's model of language ability was chosen to be the basic framework, and as criteria of proficiency the following features were used: pronunciation, fluency, coherence, amount of information provided, appropriateness of the language. For the instrument of assessment a SOPI type of test, called the LLOPI or Language Laboratory Oral Proficiency Test, was designed. The test has a contextual communicative frame and consists of six parts: warming up, reading aloud a letter, interpreting the Finnish part of a dialogue into English, conveying a Finnish newspaper story in English, reporting on the Finnish school system, and coping with everyday situations and expressing opinions. The whole test lasts 40 minutes, and the recorded sample of the student's speech about 20 minutes. The subjects, 60 school-leavers from two schools, were also tested with the ACTFL interview. The main research task was to find out whether the LLOPI was a reliable, valid, and efficient means of testing the students. It was also explored whether the LLOPI could be validated with the ACTFL interview. Student attitudes towards speaking and testing English were investigated, as well as the effect of spending time abroad on oral proficiency. The LLOPI proved to test the students reliably and validly. The correlation coefficient of the LLOPI with the ACTFL interview was .78, and 60% of the subjects received the same result in both tests. The LLOPI turned out to be more efficient than the interview, but the efficiency could be further increased by shortening the test. It was discovered that the ACIFL interview is not a perfect means to validate the LLOPT, because the two tests highlight partly different aspects of proficiency. The students' attitudes towards speaking and testing the foreign language were positive. It could not be shown that staying abroad would have had significant influence on the speaking skill. The investigation indicates that it would be both feasible and beneficial to start testing FL oral proficiency in the school-leaving examination. At least in the first foreign language the most practicable means would be a language laboratory test