An Epidemiological, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Study of the Leishmania tropica Parasite in Iraq’s Anbar Province

This paper involved the registration of 1,936 cases of infection of the Leishmania tropica parasite observed at hospitals and health centers in Ramadi, Fallujah, Baghdadi, and Hit during 2017. The results revealed that the highest rates of infection were found in Ramadi and Fallujah. The 1-10 years age group recorded the highest rate at 35.5%. There was no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) between the sexes. December and January saw the highest rate of infection, where the rate in rural townships was found to be 65.5%, higher than in urban regions which saw a rate of 34.4%. Facial lesions were the most prominent area of infection, recorded at a rate of 41.3%. The study also included an examination of 180 rodents (94 mice and 86 black rats) - the investigation demonstrated the presence of the amastigote stage at a rate of 43.6% among mice and 53.4% among rats. The study also involved an analysis of the impact of the use of a water extract from the Rhanterium epapposum plant, also locally known as the Arfaj plant, on Leishmania tropica parasite growth. As part of this study, a concentration of between 0.05-5 mg/ml was used. The application of these concentrations led to an inhibitory effect on parasite growth - an application of relatively higher concentrations caused greater effects in times of growth between 1-5 days

Isolate some effective compounds in some medicinal plants and biological study on the effectiveness of certain economic insects life

The purification and Extracts was vehicles Lawsone , Vasicine and Nicotine of medicinal plants henna Lawsonia inermis , Halk Al-Sabea Al-Shuejairy Adhatoda vasica and tobacco Nicotiana tobacum by some diagnostic devices and Methods IR, UV, TLC, Melting point and some chemical tests have been studying the effect of their effectiveness in economic life insect larvae house fly Musca domestica and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes and rusted flour beetle Tripolium castneum and calculate the Rate of kill cumulative , non-cumulative effectiveness of these vehicles, and results showed superiority Vasicine compared to the rest of other vehicles whether cumulative effect Or non- cumulative night in the effectiveness Nicotine then Lawsone results also indicated that the most vulnerable phases was the first phase larvae and all transactions while the fourth phase larvae of mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus , Tripolium castneum are less affected , and the third phase larvae of Musca domestica are the least affected, and the results showed that Distortions appearance in the larval treatment with prolonging the number of days in the larvae phase

Drug-induced interstitial nephritis in a child with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

Acute renal failure (ARF) is a rare but severe complication of active idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in children. It may be due to several causes with different outcomes. Both the clinical picture of the patient as well as laboratory, imaging and histopathological findings may help in the diagnosis. We present a case of drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), complicated with ARF, in a 2½ -year-old girl with active INS. The child was referred to the Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece hospital with steroid-resistant NS; renal biopsy was performed, which did not show any remarkable findings and cyclosporine was admi-nistered in addition to steroid therapy. The first day after biopsy, the child developed gross hematuria and abdominal pain and an antibiotic was added to her treatment. In the following days, fever, vomiting, hypertension and ARF occurred. Ultrasound study revealed enlarged kidneys with increased echogenity and loss of corticomedullary differentiation. The antibiotic and cyclos-porine were stopped and the child was managed with furosemide, nifedipine and steroids. A second renal biopsy was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis of acute interstitial nephritis. The child did not require dialysis therapy. Her urine output improved gradually and the serum creatinine normalized one month after the initial episode. Our case re-emphasizes the need for investigation of factors precipitating ARF in children with idiopathic NS

The Biological Activity of Cellulose Decomposition Streptomyces Isolated from Soil

This study was conducted to obtaining different isolated of Actinomycetes from various region of Alanbar government and study its ability to produce antibiotics. According to morphological, cultural and biochemical tests , four isolated of Streptomyces were isolated and test for its ability to inhibit other bacteria ( protus , E coli Staphylococcus , Streptococcus) and its sensitivity to different antibaiotics.Study showed that Streptomyces were highly sensitive to Naldizic acid and have the ability to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus more than gram negative bacteria

Ondansetron versus ondansetron with dexamethasone to prevent intrathecal-morphine pruritus for caesarean patients: randomised double-blind trial

The objective of this randomised, double blinded clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic administration of 4 mg ondansetron as monotherapy versus combination therapy of 4 mg ondansetron plus 8 mg dexamethasone for the prevention of intrathecal morphine-associated pruritus in caesarean section within 24 h. A total of 194 patients were included, 96 patients in the monotherapy group and 98 in the combination group. One hour after the operation, 11.5% of patients in ondansetron group had failure of prophylaxis for pruritus compared to 13.5% of patients in the combination group (p = .66). This decreased throughout the follow-up to reach 0.0% and 1.0% at 24 h in the ondansetron vs. the combination groups respectively. There was no superiority of combining ondansetron with dexamethasone over the use of ondansetron as prophylactic antipruritic in parturients receiving intrathecal morphine for caesarean section.IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject? The incidence of pruritus has been reported to be between 36% and 60% in patients undergoing caesarean section with intrathecal morphine. Ondansetron has been identified as possible antipruritic agent while the antipruritic effect of dexamethasone is inconclusive. What do the results of this study add? The study demonstrated that there was no superiority of combining ondansetron with dexamethasone over the use of ondansetron as prophylactic antipruritic in parturients receiving intrathecal morphine for caesarean section. Moreover, it seems that there is no effect of combining ondansetron with dexamethasone over ondansetron alone on antiemetic consequences. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Ondansetron could be an effective antipruritic if used solely for patients undergoing caesarean section