Effects of Swirl Bubble Injection on Mass Transfer and Hydrodynamics for Bubbly Flow Reactors: A Concept Paper

Bubble flow reactors (BFR) are commonly used for various industrial processes in the field of oil and gas production, pharmaceutical industries, biochemical and environmental engineering etc. The operation and performance of these reactors rely heavily on a range of hydrodynamic parameters; prominent among them are geometric configurations including gas injection geometry, operating conditions, mass transfer etc. A huge body of literature is available to describe the optimum design and performance of bubbly flow reactors with conventional bubble injection. Attempts were made to modify gas injection for improved efficiency of BFR's. However, here instead of modifying the geometry of the gas injection, an attempt has been made to generate swirl bubbles for gaining larger mass transfer between gas and liquid. Here an exceptionally well thought strategies have been used in our numerical simulations towards the design of swirl injection mechanism, whose paramount aspect is to inhibit the rotary liquid motion but facilitates the swirl movement for bubbles in nearly stationary liquid. Our comprehension here is that the swirl motion can strongly affect the performance of bubbly reactor by identifying the changes in hydrodynamic parameters as compared to the conventional bubbly flows. In order to achieve this bubbly flow, an experimental setup has been designed as well as computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code was used with to highlight a provision of swirl bubble injection by rotating the sparger plate

Application of fuzzy fractional kinetic equations to modelling of the acid hydrolysis reaction

In view of the usefulness and a great importance of the kinetic equation in specific chemical engineering problems, we discuss the numerical solution of a simple fuzzy fractional kinetic equation applied for the hemicelluloses hydrolysis reaction. The fuzzy approximate solution is derived based on the Legendre polynomials to the fuzzy fractional equation calculus. Moreover, the complete error analysis is explained based on the application of fuzzy Caputo fractional derivative. The main advantage of the present method is its superior accuracy which is obtained by using a limited number of Legendre polynomials. The method is computationally interesting, and the numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of the method for solving fuzzy fractional differential equations

Combined Styrene/MMA/Nanoclay Cross-linker Effect on Wood-Polymer Composites (WPCs)

In the present study, batai wood (Paraserianthes moluccana) was impregnated with a combination of styrene, methyl methacrylate, and nanoclay in order to improve compression strength, thermal stability, and surface morphology. Styrene (ST) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) cross-linker introduced a co-polymerization reaction with cellulose in the wood cell wall and produced wood polymer composites (WPCs), as confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy. The mechanical properties of the WPCs were significantly increased compared to the raw wood. Thermal properties of both raw wood and WPCs were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). WPCs exhibited higher thermal stability relative to the raw wood due to the co-polymerization reaction. The surface morphologies of the fracture surface for both the raw wood and WPCs were recorded using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM micrographs reveal that after polymerization, WPCs show smoother texture and adhesion compared to that of raw wood

Performance Evaluation of a Horizontal Air Staged Inclined Biomass-to-Heat Energy Converter for Drying Paper Egg Trays

This study presents the performance evaluation of a horizontal air staged inclined biomass-to-heat energy (B2H) converter used for drying purposes in the production of paper egg-trays. The thermal properties and moisture content of the selected biomass such as oil palm kernel shell and wood chips were assessed. The influence of air mixture ratio (AMR) on temperature profile, flue gases composition and combustion efficiency of the selected biomass were determined with a Testo 350XL flue gas analyser. It was observed that an increase in AMR led to an increase in the average temperature of the pyrolytic chamber but decreased the average temperature of the exhaust, with insignificant change in the surrounding temperature. CO, H2, NOx and SO2 concentrations were inversely proportional to an increase in AMR and an increase in oxygen content in the B2H converter exhaust. Combustion efficiency of the B2H converter was inversely proportional to an increase in AMR. Combustion efficiency of 67.00 0.34 % was achieved with Experiment vii. CO and NOx emissions at the B2H exhaust (Experiment-vii) met the EPA regulations, that is, 193.35 9.17 ppmv and 9.20 0.87 ppmv, respectively. SO2 emission at the B2H exhaust, however, was lower than the NIOSH regulations, that is, 4.57 1.08 ppmv. Thus the B2H converter demonstrated that CO, NOx and SO2 emissions can be significantly reduced with oil palm kernel shell and wood chips

Pressure modification index based on hydrodynamics and mass transfer effects for modeling of CO2 removal from natural gas via absorption at high pressures

In this paper, experimental works involving high concentration CO2 removal at elevated pressures are conducted using a high pressure CO2 pilot plant and the result is used to validate a simulation model based on established models in the literature. A rate based non-equilibrium model using 20 wt% aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) is developed based on the work of Pandya (1983). The model considers reaction kinetics, mass transfer rate and heat transfer. Since the condition of CO2 removal at atmospheric and high pressure are different, a pressure modification index is proposed and incorporated in the mass transfer flux equation to account for the non-idealities. Comparative study involving the modified model with index-f, original rate-based non-equilibrium model, Aspen Plus equilibrium and non-equilibrium models has also been carried out for the CO2 loading at the top column exit of 1.505 m. It is found that the introduction of the proposed pressure modification index together with proper selection of mass transfer and effective interfacial area correlations results in an improvement in the average error from more than 100% to as low as 18% between the estimated and the pilot plant data

Removal of crystal violet and acid green dye in aqueous solution using banana plant-derived sorbents [Penyingkiran pewarna crystal violet dan acid green dalam larutan akues menggunakan penjerap berasaskan pokok pisang]

In this study, the sorption of crystal violet (CV) and acid green (AG) dyes from aqueous solution was performed using banana plant-derived sorbents. Kinetics for both dyes showed that percentage removal increased with a contact time until equilibrium, where it stays almost constant. For CV dye, the percentage removal was above 90% at equilibrium. On the other hand, the percentage removal of AG dye was between 44-54% for the three sorbents. To study the effect of sorbent dose, the dose of the sorbents used was varied from 1 to 100 g/L. From the results, it was observed that an increase in sorbent dose would result in an increase of percentage removal of both dyes. However, for CV dye, the percentage removal became constant after 10 g/L. The effect of pH was also determined for both dye removal, where it was found that CV dye was unaffected by pH change. However, the AG dye can be removed more in highly acidic conditions

Effects of Swirl Bubble Injection on Mass Transfer and Hydrodynamics for Bubbly Flow Reactors: A Concept Paper

Bubble flow reactors (BFR) are commonly used for various industrial processes in the field of oil and gas production, pharmaceutical industries, biochemical and environmental engineering etc. The operation and performance of these reactors rely heavily on a range of hydrodynamic parameters; prominent among them are geometric configurations including gas injection geometry, operating conditions, mass transfer etc. A huge body of literature is available to describe the optimum design and performance of bubbly flow reactors with conventional bubble injection. Attempts were made to modify gas injection for improved efficiency of BFR’s. However, here instead of modifying the geometry of the gas injection, an attempt has been made to generate swirl bubbles for gaining larger mass transfer between gas and liquid. Here an exceptionally well thought strategies have been used in our numerical simulations towards the design of swirl injection mechanism, whose paramount aspect is to inhibit the rotary liquid motion but facilitates the swirl movement for bubbles in nearly stationary liquid. Our comprehension here is that the swirl motion can strongly affect the performance of bubbly reactor by identifying the changes in hydrodynamic parameters as compared to the conventional bubbly flows. In order to achieve this bubbly flow, an experimental setup has been designed as well as computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code was used with to highlight a provision of swirl bubble injection by rotating the sparger plate

Effects of Swirl Bubble Injection on Mass Transfer and Hydrodynamics for Bubbly Flow Reactors: A Concept Paper

Bubble flow reactors (BFR) are commonly used for various industrial processes in the field of oil and gas production, pharmaceutical industries, biochemical and environmental engineering etc. The operation and performance of these reactors rely heavily on a range of hydrodynamic parameters; prominent among them are geometric configurations including gas injection geometry, operating conditions, mass transfer etc. A huge body of literature is available to describe the optimum design and performance of bubbly flow reactors with conventional bubble injection. Attempts were made to modify gas injection for improved efficiency of BFR’s. However, here instead of modifying the geometry of the gas injection, an attempt has been made to generate swirl bubbles for gaining larger mass transfer between gas and liquid. Here an exceptionally well thought strategies have been used in our numerical simulations towards the design of swirl injection mechanism, whose paramount aspect is to inhibit the rotary liquid motion but facilitates the swirl movement for bubbles in nearly stationary liquid. Our comprehension here is that the swirl motion can strongly affect the performance of bubbly reactor by identifying the changes in hydrodynamic parameters as compared to the conventional bubbly flows. In order to achieve this bubbly flow, an experimental setup has been designed as well as computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code was used with to highlight a provision of swirl bubble injection by rotating the sparger plate