Methodology and Approach of Sheikh Abdulaziz Salem Samurai: Islamic Jurisprudence and Al-Asifiyah School As a Model Study

Praise be to Allah, praying and blessing are due the Prophet Muhammad and his household and companions. This paper considers Sheikh Abdulazeez Salem Al-Samarrai’s approach in Islamic Jurisprudence. Focusing on the fundamentalist approach adopted in Al-Asifiya school, I pay especial attention to the Sheikh's message with regards to Jurisprudence fundamentals, as well as the rest of the books taught by the Sheikh in the school. I also consider how his syllabus was adopted by the school in order to confer an accredited certificate for the alumni of the school, which has produced some of the finest scholars and professors in the nation. Keywords: Abdulaziz, Al-Asifiyah, Method, Islamic Jurisprudence, Samarra

Adaptive Processing of Spatial-Keyword Data Over a Distributed Streaming Cluster

The widespread use of GPS-enabled smartphones along with the popularity of micro-blogging and social networking applications, e.g., Twitter and Facebook, has resulted in the generation of huge streams of geo-tagged textual data. Many applications require real-time processing of these streams. For example, location-based e-coupon and ad-targeting systems enable advertisers to register millions of ads to millions of users. The number of users is typically very high and they are continuously moving, and the ads change frequently as well. Hence sending the right ad to the matching users is very challenging. Existing streaming systems are either centralized or are not spatial-keyword aware, and cannot efficiently support the processing of rapidly arriving spatial-keyword data streams. This paper presents Tornado, a distributed spatial-keyword stream processing system. Tornado features routing units to fairly distribute the workload, and furthermore, co-locate the data objects and the corresponding queries at the same processing units. The routing units use the Augmented-Grid, a novel structure that is equipped with an efficient search algorithm for distributing the data objects and queries. Tornado uses evaluators to process the data objects against the queries. The routing units minimize the redundant communication by not sending data updates for processing when these updates do not match any query. By applying dynamically evaluated cost formulae that continuously represent the processing overhead at each evaluator, Tornado is adaptive to changes in the workload. Extensive experimental evaluation using spatio-textual range queries over real Twitter data indicates that Tornado outperforms the non-spatio-textually aware approaches by up to two orders of magnitude in terms of the overall system throughput

Effects of Couple Stress and Porous Medium on Transient Magneto Peristaltic Flow

In this investigation we have analyzed the influence of a transverse magnetic field in the transient peristaltic transport through porous medium. This model is designed for computing the intestinal pressures during the movement of food bolus in the digestive system under magneto-hydro dynamic effects. we consider in the present article the transient magneto-fluid flow through a finite length channel by peristaltic pumping. Long wavelength(a ) and low Reynolds number approximations(Re → 0) have been employed to reduce the governing equations from nonlinear to linear form and that enough to neglect inertial effects . Analytical approximate solution for axial velocity, transverse velocity , pressure gradient , local wall shear stress and volumetric flow rate are obtained for the non-dimensional equations subject to appropriate boundary conditions. This study is done through drawing many graphs by using the MATHEMATICA package. Keywords : Transient peristaltic flow , Pressure gradient , Local wall shear stress  , Couple stress , Magnetic field , porous medium

Antifungal activity of rice straw extract on some phytopathogenic fungi

The antifungal activity of allelochemicals extracted from rice straw on the radial growth rate and the activity of some hydrolyzing enzymes of Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea were studied in vitro. Five different concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%, w/v) of water, methanol and acetone extracts of rice straw were tested. All extracts significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the radial growth rate and protease, carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) and amylase activities of the tested fungal species. The most potent solvent was methanol. The present study suggests that rice straw extract had antifungal properties, thus it can be used as a natural alternative approach to synthetic fungicide.Key words: Rice straw, allelochemicals, antifungal, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, amylase, protease, carboxymethyl cellulase

Detour Polynomials of Generalized Vertex Identified of Graphs

تعد مسافة الالتفاف من أهم أنواع المسافات التي لها تطبيقات حديثة في الكيمياء وشبكات الكمبيوتر، لذلك حصلنا في هذا البحث على متعددات حدود الالتفاف وأدلتها لـ  nمن البيانات المنفصلة عن بعضها البعض بالنسبة للرؤوس ، n≥3. أيضًا وجدنا متعددات حدود الالتفاف وأدلتها لبعض البيانات الخاصة والتي لها تطبيقات مهمة في الكيمياء.The Detour distance is one of the most common distance types used in chemistry and computer networks today. Therefore, in this paper, the detour polynomials and detour indices of vertices identified of n-graphs which are connected to themselves and separated from each other with respect to the vertices for n≥3 will be obtained. Also, polynomials detour and detour indices will be found for another graphs which have important applications in Chemistry.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy using a synthetic bioabsorbable staple line reinforcement material: Post-operative complications and 6 year outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Gastric leak after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a serious complication. Currently, the literature lacks long-term outcomes in LSG and leak rates after reinforcement of the staple line. The aims are two-fold: to present leak rates from using staple line reinforcement and six year outcomes of LSG in relation to resolution of obesity-related comorbidities and long-term weight loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a single-institution, retrospectively reviewed study of 204 patient case files. Data from all patients undergoing LSG between December 2007 and May 2013 was collected. RESULTS: The total complication rate was 6.9% (14/204), with no recorded staple line leaks. The mean postoperative Body Mass Index (BMI) at 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, and 6 years was 39.3 ± 8, 38.7 ± 8, 40.4 ± 9, 40.5 ± 10, 43.0 ± 10, and 42.4 ± 7, respectively. The mean % excess weight loss at 1 year, 3 years, and 6 years was 48.4 ± 19, 51.7 ± 28, and 41.0 ± 21, respectively. There were no significant differences between follow-ups at year 1 and 3 (p > 0.05), and between year 3 and 6 (p > 0.05) for the mean % excess weight loss. The resolution rates for all patients were 74%, 61%, 79%, and 90% for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus type 2 and obstructive sleep apnea, respectively. CONCLUSION: The synthetic bioabsorbable reinforcement material shows no staple line leaks making it safe to use. LSG as a procedure had a high resolution of obesity-related comorbidities as well as sustainable long-term weight loss

Flash flood susceptibility assessment in Jeddah city (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) using bivariate and multivariate statistical models

The city of Jeddah (Saudi Arabia) has experienced two catastrophic flash flood events in 2009 and 2011. These flood events had catastrophic effect on human lives and livelihoods around the wadi Muraikh, wadi Qus, wadi Methweb, and wadi Ghulail in which 113 people were dead and with 10,000 houses and 17,000 vehicles were damaged. Thus, a comprehensive flood management is required. The flood management requires information on different aspects such as the hydrological, geotechnical, environmental, social, and economic aspects of flooding. Flood susceptibility mapping for any area helps the decision makers to understand the flood trends and can aid in appropriate planning and flood prevention. In this study, two models were used for the generation of flood susceptibility maps for the Jeddah region. The first model includes bivariate probability analysis (frequency ratio), and the second model uses the multivariate analysis. For the multivariate model, the acquired weights of the FR model were entered into the logistic regression model to evaluate the correlation between flood occurrence and each related factor. This integration will overcome some of the weakness of the logistic regression, and the performance the LR will be enhanced. A flood inventory map was prepared with a total of 127 flood locations. These flood locations were extracted from different sources including field investigation and high-resolution satellite image (IKONOS 1 m). These flood locations were randomly split into two groups, one dataset representing 70 % was used for training the models, and the remaining 30 % was used for models validation. Various independent flood-related factors such as slope, elevation, curvature, geology, landuse, soil drain, and distance from streams were included. The impact of each independent flood-related factors on flooding was evaluated by analyzing each independent factor with the historical flood inventory data. The training and validation datasets were used to evaluate the flood susceptibility maps using the success and the prediction rate methods. The results of the accuracy assessment showed a success rate of 90.4 and 91.6 % and a prediction rate of 89.6 and 91.3 % for FR and ensemble FR and LR models, respectively. In addition, a comparison has been made between real flood events in 2009 and the resultant susceptibility maps. Hence, it is concluded that the FR and ensemble Fr and LR models can provide an acceptable accuracy in the prediction of flood susceptibility in the Saudi Arabia. Our findings indicated that these flood susceptibility maps can assist planners, decision makers, and other agencies to deal with the flood management and planning in the area

Remote sensing-based studies coupled with field data reveal urgent solutions to avert the risk of flash floods in the Wadi Qus (east of Jeddah) Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

On November 25, 2009, heavy amount of rainfall precipitated in the city of Jeddah that led to floods causing unexpected loss of life (113 person died), and damaged public and private properties (10,000 cars were damaged/destroyed, and many houses, roads, highways, and industrial properties were also affected). The city of Jeddah is located within an independent mega drainage basin with a surface area of 1,760 km2. This mega basin is divided into three major sub-basins (northern, middle, and southern). Wadi Qus is located in the southern sub-basin with an area of ~63 km2. It passes through many of the neighborhoods such as Al-Harazat, Al-Sawaid, Queza, Al-Mesaid, Al-Haramin Highway, and the King Abdel Aziz University. These areas were severely damaged during the flash flood event in 2009. The current study deals with the determination of the best sites for the construction of flood control dams, followed by a number of detailed studies to ensure that these selected sites are appropriate. Geological, geotechnical, geophysical, and hydrological investigations were conducted to identify the types of rocks, the subsurface conditions, and the geotechnical properties of abutment and subsurface of soil and rock in the dam sites. The study found that there are three locations that can be appropriate for the construction of the flood control dams at Wadi Qus. Hydrological studies indicated that the runoff volumes for sub-basins B1, B2, and B3 are 2,102,709, 1,023,156, and 4,868,304 m3, respectively, for 500-year return period and 2,356,081, 1,149,687, and 5,451,123 m3, respectively, for 1,000-year return period. Comparing these values with the reservoir volumes calculated from the detailed ground survey with different dam’s height, it was found that dam’s heights of 15.5, 11.5, and 13.5 m for dams Q01, Q02, and Q03, respectively, are adequate for different basin volumes for 1,000-year return periods. Finally, the conceptual designs have been prepared and recommended for these dams

Palate of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo): Gross Anatomical, Light and Scanning Electron Microscopical Study

This investigation aimed to determine the morphological characteristics of the palate of bronze black turkey by gross anatomy, light and scanning electron microscopy. The oral roof (palate) constitutes 87.73% of the oropharyngeal roof length, comprising two parts; rostral and caudal. The rostral part of is characterized by the presence of median palatine ridge, rostral and caudal lateral palatine ridges, narrow part of the choanal slit and three rows of palatine papillae. The median palatine ridge shows rostral continued and caudal interrupted parts. This ridge as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) bears 4-5 transverse furrows at the level of the beginning of the caudal lateral palatine ridges. Numerous Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive compound tubular mucous maxillary, palatine and sphenopterygoid salivary glands are distributed in the mucosa of the palate. From all above mentioned, it's clear that the palate in turkey reveals some different anatomical features in compared with that of the other birds