Optimization of depth-based routing for underwater wireless sensor networks through intelligent assignment of initial energy

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are extensively used to explore the diverse marine environment. Energy efficiency is one of the main concerns regarding performance of UWSNs. In a cooperative wireless sensor network, nodes with no energy are known as coverage holes. These coverage holes are created due to non-uniform energy utilization by the sensor nodes in the network. These coverage holes degrade the performance and reduce the lifetime of UWSNs. In this paper, we present an Intelligent Depth Based Routing (IDBR) scheme which addresses this issue and contributes towards maximization of network lifetime. In our proposed scheme, we allocate initial energy to the sensor nodes according to their usage requirements. This idea is helpful to balance energy consumption amongst the nodes and keep the network functional for a longer time as evidenced by the results provided

Consumer Attitude towards TV Advertising Based Upon Consumer Age & Gender

Mass media has always been a useful way for marketers to attract consumers towards their products. But since the market is highly differentiated today the term “target market” is used widely. TV being the highly used media for advertisements even in the 21st century is part of this research showing how the consumers in Pakistan show their attitude towards TV advertisement, Consumers of old age group and young age group are both equally important as both are increasing in number today worldwide and that has made many researchers to focus their studies on different age groups and their attitudes to evaluate the importance each group gives to how they perceive the advertising. Also the result is tested if the gender of the consumer changes the attitude. The findings indicate old age group of consumers are relatively more interested in TV ads as compared to the young generation and gender has little significance in one’s attitude towards advertising. Keywords: Consumer Attitude, TV Advertising, Consumer Age Groups, Consumer Genders, Pakista

Impact of Employee Empowerment on Job Satisfaction

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to measure the factors affecting the performance of employee by discussing impact of employee empowerment on job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach: Being descriptive study, survey method was adopted for data collection to find out the factors. The methodology comprised research design, Target population for the study, sampling techniques, sampling Method, sample size determination etc . Data was analyzed by using Cronbach?s Alpha, correlation and regression in SPSS software. Findings: The independent variable empowerment was weakly moderate correlated with dependent variable job satisfaction. Hence it is concluded that employee empowerment has a positive impact on the job satisfaction. Originality/value – The paper reveals there exist relationship between the performance of employee and factors affecting in employee performance in Bahawalpur. Keywords: Performance of employee, job satisfaction, training, empowerment

Paediatric pseudo papillary pancreatic tumour: A case based review

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms are rare and represent approximately 4% of all cystic pancreatic tumours, and predominately affect females. They have an excellent prognosis, however 10-15% of the patients show metastasis at the time of surgery or recurrence of tumour during follow-up after pancreatectomy. Surgical resection is the recommended treatment. We present a rare case of a 15-year-old female, with a pseudopapillary tumour of the pancreas which was diagnosed pre-operatively

Demographic and Geographic Influence of the Country-of-Origin Image on Consumer Purchase Decision

Purpose–The main purpose of this study is to explore the influence of the country-of-origin image of the product on consumer purchase decision. Methodology–This research is done in five major cities of Pakistan (i.e. Lahore, Karachi, Islamabad, Faisalabad and Multan) for automobiles, TV sets, mobile phones and cosmetics products. Structured questionnaires and cluster sampling are used. Responses are collected from 459 consumers from five major cities of Pakistan using convenience sampling method whereas SPSS 14.0 version is used for data analysis. Research limitations/implications–Personal interviews were conducted from the customers where it is very difficult to approach all the consumer classes of Pakistan. People of Pakistan are bit hesitant to give proper information. Limited access to data is available in archives. Conclusion–The country-of-origin image has a significant and positive effect on consumer purchase decision in Pakistan. Keywords: Country-of-Origin, Consumer Purchase Decision, Pakistan. Research Type: Research Pape

Rearing of Trilocha varians (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) on Ficus benjamina and its Parasitization with Trichogramma chilonis

Ficus benjamina commonly known as weeping fig is an ornamental that planted alongside the road to increase the aesthetic value. Leaf eating caterpillar, Trilocha varians was observed on Ficus benjamina and many other ornamental plants in the surrounding area of Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University. Large larval population was recorded on fig plants with 100 % defoliation. The rearing of Trilocha varians on F. benjamina was carried out under controlled conditions and parasitism of Trichogramma chilonis on eggs were checked. Incubation period was 5-6 days while single female laid 150-210 eggs in her whole life period. With five larval instars, duration period of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th was 2.0 days, 3-5 days, 2-4 days, 3-6 days and 3-7 days, respectively. Pupa was obtect in nature. Mated and unmated female were long lived as compared to male, 7.50 and 9.25 % egg parasitization was recorded at 16 and 24 hours of exposure, respectively. The coefficient variations were 89.50, 55.92, 42.21 and 29.59 at 12, 16, 20 and 24 h. To determine the larval damage, five different host plants belonging to moraceae family were used. The moderate damage of larvae was observed on Ficus religiosa. The severe feeding damage was observed on F. benjamina and F. virens, while M. alba and F. elastica were found not favorable hosts of T. varians. The study concluded that Trichogramma chilonis was recorded the most suitable parasitoid of T. varians and further need to record the natural enemies of the pest in the country

Clinical spectrum and outcomes of neonatal candidiasis in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan

Introduction: Candidal infections are a serious problem in neonatal intensive care units, increasing morbidity and mortality in low birth weight infants in addition to escalating health-care costs. Studies exploring the epidemiology of candidiasis in developing country hospitals are rare. This retrospective case-control study aimed to evaluate epidemiology and risk factors associated with candidiasis in a neonatal intensive care unit in Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: Cases (neonates (age \u3c 28days, (n = 45) with NICU discharge diagnosis of candidal sepsis or candidemia between January 1996 and December 2006 were matched with controls (newborns with discharge diagnoses other than the above during the same study period) for gender, gestational age, and admission within 72 hours of admission of an index case. Risk factors were identified and clinical course and outcomes (discharge disposition) described. P-value and match-adjusted odds ratios were calculated. Results: A frequency of 0.9% candidemia was documented in the NICU. The incidence was highest (46%) in VLBW (\u3c 1500gm). C. albicans was the leading causative organism (55%), and neonatal risk factors identified were mechanical ventilation (\u3e 7 days), positive bacterial culture, and duration of hospitalization of \u3e 7 days. Conclusions: Prolonged ventilation, positive bacterial blood culture, and prolonged duration of NICU stay were the major risk factors associated with newborn fungal sepsis in our center. Presence of antenatal care was a significant protective factor in our subset of neonatal population