Book prefaces in basic, applied and social sciences: A genre-based study

This is the final version. Available from IDOSI Publications via the link in this recordGenre- based studies have recently focused on different types of professional and academic texts to identify their communicative purpose(s), generic structure and linguistic features. However, analyzing the generic and linguistic structure of book prefaces as a subcategory of academic genres seems to have been significantly underresearched. This study focuses on academic book prefaces in three disciplines of management, metallurgy and mathematics to identify their generic structure, linguistic features and potential disciplinary differences. Identifying similar generic structure for book prefaces in the three disciplines, the researchers suggest that book prefaces in the above-mentioned areas are very similar in terms of their communicative purpose(s), generic structure and readers' expectation. Furthermore, the study did not identify any significant difference in the use of the moves and steps among the book prefaces in the three disciplines on the whole, which suggests that writers in the three disciplines generally use the same moves and steps with rather similar frequencies. Finally, analyzing the generic structure and linguistic features of book prefaces indicated that book prefaces fulfill a promotional purpose besides their common informative purpose

Design and In-vitro Evaluation of Bilayer Floating Tablet Containing Mucoadhesive Microparticles of Olanzapin e.

Introduction: The purpose of this article was to design a bilayer floating- drug delivery system using mucoadhesive microparticles of olanzapine as a model drug. Methods and Results: Mucoadhesive Microparticles were fabricated with coacervation method by using of mucoadhesive polymers such as sodium bicarbonate, chitosan and ethyl cellulose. The floating layer containing sodium bicarbonate, HPMC, carbapol, PVP and olanzapine mucoadhesive microparticles was compressed and an immediate release layer was added and then both layers were compressed. Floating properties of the tablets, the in vitro drug release, buoyancy lag-time and swelling index were evaluated. The results showed that incorporation of olanzapine mucoadhesive microparticles in floating tablet improved the release kinetic to biphasic so the drug was immediately release in 30 min after floating and lasted more than 8 hours. Also the release of olnzapine was  based on zero order kinetic. This suggested the synergic effect of micro particulate system as well as floating property in long time drug release in gastric fluid. Conclusions: This kind of tablet is suitable for long term delivery of olanzapine in upper gastric parts or segments

The prevalence and associated factors of microsatellite instability in ovarian epithelial cancers detected by molecular genetic studies in a sample of Iranian women

Background: Microsatellite instability, the main genetic element in HNPCC syndrome, is associated with a number of cancers, including ovarian epithelial carcinomas. These cancers have distinct characteristics compared to non-MSI related ones. Objectives: The present study aims at determining the prevalence of microsatellite instability in ovarian carcinomas and their associated factors in Iranian patients. Methods: Paraffin-embedded blocks, belonging to 37 patients with definite diagnosis of ovarian epithelial cancers, were retrieved from the archives. After DNA extraction from tumor tissue and PCR reaction, the results were assessed in accordance with melting curve analysis. Subsequently, the relationship among microsatellite status and tumor histology, grade, stage, and size were investigated statistically. Results: The predominant histological type was serous histology. Four out of 37 carcinomas were microsatellite unstable (10.8) and only 1 was MSI-high type (2.1). The MSI was more frequent among younger patients with unilateral, non-serous histology, non-high grade, and stage I tumors without omental involvement. After statistical analysis, the only significant relationship was found between histological type (non-serous) and microsatellite status. Conclusions: Microsatellite stable and unstable ovarian cancers may have different associations with various factors in a sample of Iranian women. The identification of these characteristics may help narrow down indications to test this prognostic and predictive genetic error. © 2017, Cancer Research Center (CRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

The prevalence and associated factors of microsatellite instability in ovarian epithelial cancers detected by molecular genetic studies in a sample of Iranian women

Background: Microsatellite instability, the main genetic element in HNPCC syndrome, is associated with a number of cancers, including ovarian epithelial carcinomas. These cancers have distinct characteristics compared to non-MSI related ones. Objectives: The present study aims at determining the prevalence of microsatellite instability in ovarian carcinomas and their associated factors in Iranian patients. Methods: Paraffin-embedded blocks, belonging to 37 patients with definite diagnosis of ovarian epithelial cancers, were retrieved from the archives. After DNA extraction from tumor tissue and PCR reaction, the results were assessed in accordance with melting curve analysis. Subsequently, the relationship among microsatellite status and tumor histology, grade, stage, and size were investigated statistically. Results: The predominant histological type was serous histology. Four out of 37 carcinomas were microsatellite unstable (10.8) and only 1 was MSI-high type (2.1). The MSI was more frequent among younger patients with unilateral, non-serous histology, non-high grade, and stage I tumors without omental involvement. After statistical analysis, the only significant relationship was found between histological type (non-serous) and microsatellite status. Conclusions: Microsatellite stable and unstable ovarian cancers may have different associations with various factors in a sample of Iranian women. The identification of these characteristics may help narrow down indications to test this prognostic and predictive genetic error. © 2017, Cancer Research Center (CRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

Corrigendum to: “The Prevalence of Internet Addiction and Its Relations to the Self Esteem and Life Satisfaction in Students of a Medical University”

Using internet has a growing popularity, especially among students. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of internet addiction and its relationship with the level of self esteem and life satisfaction in students of lorestan university of medical sciences in Iran. A cross-sectional study, with applying stratified sampling and then multi-stage cluster sampling method was performed. The sample size was 160. Four questionnaires (Demographic characteristics, Internet Addiction Test (IAT) by Dr. Kimberly Young, Rosenberg's Self esteem Scale and Diener’s Life Satisfaction Scale) were used to collect data, the software spss 16 was used for data analysis. Prevalence of internet addiction was 10%, and this problem was more prevalent in male students (P˂0.05). Moreover, there was a significant and adverse relation between internet addiction score and self esteem score (P=0.015), and life satisfaction score (P=0.012). There was a significant and direct relationship between life satisfaction and self esteem (P=0.001). Young people should be encouraged to use the internet as a more useful and efficient tool and become aware of the internet and its harmful effects.

Experimental characterization, machine learning analysis and computational modelling of the high effective inhibition of copper corrosion by 5-(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol in saline environment.

An oxadiazole derivative with functional groups favouring its adsorption on copper surface, namely 5-(4-Pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol, has been explored as potential inhibitor of copper corrosion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl. Electrochemical evaluation by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization and SVET reveals inhibition efficiencies exceeding 99%. Surface microscopy inspection and spectroscopic analysis by Raman, SEM-EDX and XPS highlight the formation of a compact barrier film responsible for long-lasting protection, that is mainly composed of the organic molecules. Machine Learning algorithms used in combination with Raman spectroscopy data were used successfully for the first time in corrosion studies to allow discrimination between corroded and inhibitor-protected metal surfaces. Quantum Chemistry calculations in aqueous solution and Molecular Dynamic studies predict a strong interaction between copper and the thiolate group and an extensive coverage of the metal surface, responsible for the excellent protection against corrosion

A survey of feeding habits of economic benthic feeder fishes in the southern of Caspian Sea (Rutilus frissi kutum, Rutilus rutilus caspicus, Cyprinus carpio, Liza auratus and Liza saliens)

Present study analyzed the stomach contents of individuals belonging to five fish’s species in order toInvestigate seasonal changes in feeding strategy and diet composition in the South coast of the Caspian Sea (Gilan and Mazandaran provinces) from late March until late May 2010 using the research ship Gillan and fishing with batoom trawl nets and fishing blades insoles bony fishes in the depths of less than 60 meters. The average length and the total weight of Rutilus frisii kutum, Rutilus rutilus caspicus, Cyprinus carpio, Liza auratus and Liza saliens respectively were 36/9 ± 8/5 cm , 562/9 ± 353/2 g, 23/2 ± 3/2 cm , 202 ± 101/6 g, 24/6 ± 8/1 cm , 249/8 ± 242 g, 32/2 ± 8/9 cm , 320/9 ± 242/8 g, 22/7 ± 2/6 cm and 82/9 ± 52/2 g repectively. Using the method of Shorygin and Costello highly nourishing food strategy and different species of fishes were studied. The results of this study showed that Rutilus frisii kutum fed generally of Balanus and Cerastorderma In order of importance after Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Crabs, Fish eggs, Filamentous alge in GI Rutilus frisii kutum presence, but feeding it of Bivalvia (in particular Cerastorderma) was much more than the other food. The results of present study showed that under the influence of compatibility and behavioral mechanisms, ecological, physiological and nutritional importance of Rutilus frisii kutum Bivalvia. The results of studies were showed that Bivalvia was feeding the dominant Rutilus frisii kutum , while the results of this study showed that despite Bivalvia present importance in feeding the of this species, it seems that its presence in such digestion decreased. As well as the dominant food of Rutilus rutilus caspicus was fish, but generally from Detrite fed. This study showed that feeding the dominant species of Cyprinus carpio, Liza auratus and Liza saliens of Detrite was. The most important food items after ditrit for the Cyprinus carpio in order of importance include the Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Oligochaeta, Abra ovata, Nereis, Fish eggs, Filamentous alge, was. The Liza auratus dietary habits also showed that after ditrit the most importance in nutrition related to Foraminifera, Porifera and Balanus, and for Liza saliens to Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Porifera. The results showed that the mullet the greater the intensity of feeding fishes than other species were, Rutilus frisii kutum in between of Cyprinidae the greater the intensity of feeding fishes than other species were (0/05 > P). The values of this indicator in the lower longitudinal in all fish species investigated were more than high longitudinal groups. The feeding intensity at different times of sampling for all species investigated showed that in all species at times extremely reduced the reproductive index (0/05 > P). As well as the diversity foods in the lower longitudinal in all fish species investigated were more than high longitudinal groups. In conclusion, our results demonstrated Food strategy have changed based on physiological changes, metabolism activity, behaviour, and the amount of food available

The comprehensive study of possibility ecological control Mnemiopsis leidyi in Caspian Sea activity: The study and recognization parasitic fauna and Bacterial flore in ctenophore (Mnemiopsis leidyi and Bereo ovata)

Bacterial flora and parasitic fauna of M. leidyi an exotic invader jelly fish to Caspian Sea ecosystem and B. ovata to Black sea an alternative biological control agent was studied. During summer 1382 to spring 1383, using routine Bacteriological work. 72 sample of sea water Caspian Sea obtained from depth 20 and 50 meters, 36 sample of M. leidyi from depth 20 meters, 10 sample of B. ovata and 3 sample of sea water (Black sea) were collected and according to Bacteriological was studied. 216 sample of M. leidyi from depth 10 to 50 meters of Caspian Sea and 47 sample of B. ovata from Black and Marmarreh Sea (Turkey) were collected and was studied. In this study no parasite from was identified in M. leidyi (Caspian sea) but 64 percentage and 73 percentage of B. ovata (Marmarreh and Black sea respectively) contaminated to Trichodina ctenophore at varians concentration B. ovata of Black sea (130 min 1050 max) and B. ovata Marmarre sea (420 min 2100 max). While B. ovata kept at high salinity of 21 ppt was more contaminated with this pretrichial protozoan (Trichodina) than in low salinity (12/5 ppt). in comparision of bacterial flore in two cetenophore (M. leidyi and B. ovata) was observed that some of bacteria such as micrococcus sp, Aeromonas sp. Bacillus coagulans in both ctenophore and some other bacteria such as Agromobacterium and chromobacterium only observed in B. ovata but other researcher have reported fram Caspin sea and some of bacteria to specific Shewanella , Vibrio harveiy and bacillus linens was observed in B. ovata . Of course specific bacteria cannot transfer to Caspian Sea (different of salinity black sea (2/1%) to Caspian Sea (1/25 %)). Therefore if B. ovata to introduce to south Caspian Sea for biological control population M. leidyi. it is necessary at first some of viral pathogen in aquatic animal (fish) such as VNN, IPN,IHN,VHS,SVC was studied and then with confidence 95% non-infestation B. ovata to viruses and pass from bath anti parasite and anti-bacterial must be introduce to south Caspian sea

Survey of diversity, distribution, abundance and biomass of macrobenthic fauna in the southern Caspian Sea

The Sampling of macrobenthic communities in southeastern Caspian Sea, Iranian coast, were investigated seasonally from April to March 2012. Sampling was carried out at 8 transect as named Astara, Badar Anzali, Sefied rood, Tonekaboon, Nooshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad, Gomishan.In each transect were choice 8 stations at 5m, 10m, 20m, 50m, 100m depths respectively. Samples were taken in triplet with a 0.1m^² van Veen grab.Totally 28 macrofaunal species belonging to 10 families were identified as gamaridae (9species), corophidae (3species),psudocumidae(8 species), amphartidae (2species), balanidae, chironomidae, cardidae scorbicolaridae, nereidae, sponoidae, each one species. Polychaetes were dominated, representing 72.5% of the whole fauna while while (equal 62.4% of total abundance and 5/1%biomass) were belong to Streblospio spp. from Spionidae family. Cerastoderma lamarcki belong to bivavia consist of 2/3% total macobethos abundance and 73% biomass. Total abundance of macrobenthos of middle area were higher than east and west area in southern Caspian Sea. Average benthic population density (no/m^2) with (SE) was 4581(444 ). The benthic biomass (mg/m^2) with an overall mean of 12. 125(02). Spatial and temporal variations of benthos. In the present study showed, maximum abundance Macrobenthos 17855(5543) no/m^2) were recorded in 20 meter depths at Nooshahr trancect , while minimum 841(109 )in 10 meter depths at Amirabad trancect p<0.05. Maximum biomass 135.10(126) g/m^2 were obtained at 10m depths in Astara minimum 0.51(0.4) ) g/m^2 at 5m depths in Nooshahr transect . maximum were obtained in winter and minimum in summer Number of species varied 3 to 18 , Generally, minimum species diversity were obtained at 20 m depth in Tonekabon transects and the maximum value was observed at 100 m depth of sefeidrood variations physicochemical factors were between salinity 12.5to12.9ppt ,temperature 8-19˚c and PH 8.1 dissolve oxygen 69-101mg/li. Total secondary production calculated, according ,104/996g AFDW/m^2/yr.Maximum were recorded in 10meter depth (30/381AFDW/m^2/yr) and minimum at 50 meter depth(11/007g AFDW/m^2/yr) respectively. Average total organic matter were 3/18 percent in sample periods. Percent of total organic matter (TOM) were low in 5 and 10 m depths and increased toward offshore depths. TOM percent was 1/67(0.11 ) at 5 m depth and increased to 4/38(0.13 )in 100 m depth. Average total silt &clay were 68/63(2.97) percent in sample periods. Positive significant relation was between silt &clay and total organic matter. Macrobenthos community reduce in high silt clay and high sandy contents. Due to increase of streptolosbio.spp, monitoring program for understanding effect of this organism on ecosystem and on fish feeding is necessary