Patologias atuais: a compulsão e a sociedade dos excessos: Current pathologies: compulsion and the society of excesses

O artigo em tela tem por objetivo analisar os aspectos biopsicossociais da conduta compulsiva de consumo. Propõe-se a apresentar os elementos psicológicos contidos nesse comportamento, além de verificar quais são os resultados decorrentes dessa compulsão. O consumo compulsivo, também chamado de oniomania, é um transtorno causado pela ansiedade despertada pela necessidade de comprar e saciada, somente, quando é materializada a aquisição daquilo que se deseja comprar. O estudo em questão pode ser classificado como sendo de cunho bibliográfico, a partir da análise de documentos publicados em forma de artigos científicos e livros em formato digital

Postmenopausal osteoporosis: risk evaluation and treatment options

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a chronic progressive condition characterized by reduced bone mass and impaired bone quality, leading to an increased risk of fragility fractures. Osteoporotic fractures reduce quality of life and are associated with high morbidity, mortality and economic burden. Primary and secondary prevention interventions are always recommended starting from the premenopausal age, in women after menopause, however, it is essential to develop a long-term intervention strategy that allows to identify patients at high risk of fracture and the choice of therapy based on the estimated risk. This narrative review described the tools for layering the management approach in relation to low, high and very high fracture risk. Several medications are now available for the treatment of osteoporosis and the prevention of fractures; the knowledge of the efficacy, safety and additional benefits profile of the individual preparations allows an appropriate choice between the different drugs available and the possibility of adapting the prescription to the lifetime fracture risk spectrum. From the literature it emerges that menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), TSEC combination and SERMs can be drugs of choice to counteract postmenopausal bone loss in younger women or at low risk of fracture, while bisphosphonates and denosumab are appropriate for women with high risk or at an older age. Therapy with denosumab and anabolic agents such as teriparatide and romosozumab is particularly indicated for subjects with very high risk of fracture

High temperature behaviour of Ag-exchanged Y zeolites used for PFAS sequestration from water

Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic compounds which have recently drawn great attention due to their high biological, chemical and physical stability and lipid/water repelling properties. The present work aims to provide for the first time insights on the thermal behaviour of Ag-exchanged Y zeolite loaded with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, C8HF15O2) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, C8HF17O3S) emphasizing the close link between crystal structure and desorption/dehydration processes. Elemental and isotopic abundance of carbon analysis, thermal analysis, and in situ high-temperature synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction were used to evaluate critically if the thermal regeneration affects the initial zeolites structural features. Rietveld refinements revealed that PFAS sites are emptied in the 550-650 & DEG;C temperature range, when the thermal degradation of PFOA and PFOS are reached. The crystallinity of the samples is not affected by the adsorption/desorption processes. Upon heating, the removal of both PFAS and coadsorbed water molecules induced a cation migration of the silver ions and changes of initial geometry of the framework. The dimensions of the channels remain comparable to those of the pristine materials thus suggesting the potential re-use of the samples in other adsorption PFAS cycles. Additionally, once regenerated and reloaded Ag-exchanged Y can re-adsorb PFAS in amounts comparable to that adsorbed in the first cycle with clear benefits on the costs of the whole water treatment process

Assessment of fracture risk in climacteric women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: comparison between Trabecular Bone Score, Hip Structural Analysis and FRAX

Objective: Patients affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased risk of fragility fractures, compared with non- diabetic subjects, despite normal or higher bone mineral density (BMD) values. An additional attempt to go beyond the limitations of DXA was the introduction of different DXA-based software, such as Hip Structural Analysis (HSA) and Trabecular Bone Score (TBS), that provide an indirect index of the strength of trabecular architecture and are considered a better predictor of fracture risk than BMD, especially in case of secondary osteoporosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of HSA and TBS in well-compensated T2DM climacteric women and their fracture prediction capability, compared to FRAX. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional population-based study, analyzing lumbar spine and femoral BMD, HSA, TBS and FRAX values, in a population of climacteric women consisting of 119 subjects affected by T2DM and 119 controls. The two groups were comparable for age, menopause age, Body Mass Index (BMI). Prevalence of previous clinical fractures was 11.8% and 5.9% respectively. Results: No significant differences emerged between BMD, FRAX and FRAX adjusted for TBS values in the two groups. Multivariate analysis showed that TBS value was the only variable associated with T2DM; in particular, data demonstrated that the lower was TBS and the more probable was the diabetic condition. In add- ition, the median value of lumbar spine TBS was significantly lower in women with T2DM than in controls (1.174 vs 1.220). No significant differences in HSA parameters were observed between the two subgroups.Conclusions: Our results showed that, between subjects affected by T2DM and controls, the only prognostic factor capable to characterize climacteric diabetic patients was TB