Confronting Discrimination and Inequality in China

Confronting Discrimination and Inequality in China focuses on the most challenging areas of discrimination and inequality in China, including discrimination faced by HIV/AIDS afflicted individuals, rural populations, migrant workers, women, people with disabilities, and ethnic minorities. The Canadian contributors offer rich regional, national, and international perspectives on how constitutions, laws, policies, and practices, both in Canada and in other parts of the world, battle discrimination and the conflicts that rise out of it. The Chinese contributors include some of the most independent-minded scholars and practitioners in China. Their assessments of the challenges facing China in the areas of discrimination and inequality not only attest to their personal courage and intellectual freedom but also add an important perspective on this emerging superpower

Confronting Discrimination and Inequality in China

Confronting Discrimination and Inequality in China focuses on the most challenging areas of discrimination and inequality in China, including discrimination faced by HIV/AIDS afflicted individuals, rural populations, migrant workers, women, people with disabilities, and ethnic minorities. The Canadian contributors offer rich regional, national, and international perspectives on how constitutions, laws, policies, and practices, both in Canada and in other parts of the world, battle discrimination and the conflicts that rise out of it. The Chinese contributors include some of the most independent-minded scholars and practitioners in China. Their assessments of the challenges facing China in the areas of discrimination and inequality not only attest to their personal courage and intellectual freedom but also add an important perspective on this emerging superpower

Hydromagnetic Unsteady Flow of a Dusty Viscous Fluid Between a Flat Wall and a Long Wavy Wall

Magnetohydrodynamic flow of a dusty viscous conducting fluid between a parallel flat wall and a long wavy wall has been studied. The velocity distributions of fluid and dust and the coefficients of skin-friction at both the walls have been evaluated. The effects of magnetic and frequency parameters on the above said physical quantities have been investigated

Analysis of Immunohistochemical Expression of p16ink4a in Preneoplastic and Neoplastic Squamous cell lesions of Cervix

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women worldwide. Pap smear screening and histopathological interpretation of cervical biopsy has significantly reduced the number of deaths due to cervical cancer. However, they provide little or no information regarding the association of HPV in precancerous lesion and invasive cervical cancer. Hence the need to use biomarker to know the association of HPV in those lesions in order to predict the risk of progression or regression and prognosis. P16INKa is a surrogate marker of HPV which fulfils all the above criteria. OBJECTIVES: 1. To evaluate the results of expression of p16INK4A in preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of cervix in order to assess the association of HPV infection in those lesions. 2. To study the pattern of expression of p16 in various histological types of cervical squamous cell lesions by p16 immunohistochemistry. 3. To compare p16 expression in various histological types of cervical squamous cell lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis of p16expression was performed on 60 paraffin embedded tissue samples, obtained from cervical biopsy including 25CIN I, 5CIN II, 4CIN III and 26 SCC. Two parameters were evaluated in p16 expression: Percentage ofp16 positive cells and reaction intensity of p16 immunostaining. The p16 expression was graded as Negative, Grade 1, 2, 3 and its reaction intensity was graded as Negative, Weak, Moderate, Strong. RESULTS: In the present study out of 60 cases, the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma constituted majority (44%). Among CIN group , CIN I constituted majority of the preneoplstic lesions of cervix.p16 expression was seen in 28% of CIN I, 80% of CIN II, all CIN III and all SCC cases. Only one CIN I case show showed grade3 staining and strong reaction intensity, but most of the CIN II(60%), CIN III(100%) and SCC(96.15%) cases showed grade 3 staining. In our study there was a statistically significant correlation between p16 expression, reaction intensity and lesion severity. CONCLUSION: In the present study out of 60 cases, 68.33% of cases showed p16 positivity. In preneoplastic lesions, totally 44.12% of cases showed p16 positivity. In invasive squamous cell carcinoma cases, 100% cases showed p16 positivity. So p16 may be useful as an adjunct in histological sections to know the association of HPV in preneoplastic lesions lesions to predict the risk of progression of the disease and to plan proper treatment and in neoplastic lesions to predict the prognosis, since HPV negative SCC showed poor prognosis in literatures. In our study p16 expression was correlated well with increasing grade of CIN. So p16 has significant implication in diagnostic, prognostic and preventive aspects of cervical cancer

Electrochemical and lithium-ion transport properties of layered Li-rich Li1.10(Ni0.32X0.01Co0.33Mn0.33)O2 (X = Dy/Gd/Ho) positive electrodes

864-876Layer structured Li1.10(Ni0.32X0.01Co0.33Mn0.33)O2 (X = Dy/Gd/Ho) compounds were synthesized via the microwave assisted solvothermal route. The impacts of doping on the electrical and electrochemical properties of Li1.10 (Ni0.32X0.01Co0.33Mn0.33)O2 compounds were investigated. Rietveld refined XRD pattern showed Li1.10 (Ni0.32X0.01Co0.33Mn0.33)O2 compounds with layered hexagonal structure. SEM images revealed the compounds with micrometer sized grains. The Li1.10 (Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33)O2 compound delivered an initial discharge capacity of 197 mAh/g at 0.2C and retained a capacity of 163mAh/g after 50th cycle in the voltage window of 2.5-4.6V. The cycling stability of Li1.10(Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33)O2 compound was improved with rare earth doping. Li1.10(Ni0.32Dy0.01Co0.33Mn0.33)O2 compound delivered the discharge capacity of 166 mAh/g after50th cycle in the potential window 2.5-4.6V at 0.2C with 100% capacity retention. AC impedance studies displayed the electrical conductivity in the order of 10-6 S/cm. Wagner polarization analysis revealed the improvement in electronic transference number via rare earth doping

Feasibility of aspirin and/or vitamin D3 for men with prostate cancer on active surveillance with Prolaris® testing

OBJECTIVES: To test the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of aspirin and/or vitamin D3 in active surveillance (AS) low/favourable intermediate risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients with Prolaris® testing. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Newly-diagnosed low/favourable intermediate risk PCa patients (PSA ≤ 15 ng/ml, International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Grade Group ≤2, maximum biopsy core length <10 mm, clinical stage ≤cT2c) were recruited into a multi-centre randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (ISRCTN91422391, NCT03103152). Participants were randomised to oral low dose (100 mg), standard dose (300 mg) aspirin or placebo and/or vitamin D3 (4000 IU) versus placebo in a 3 × 2 factorial RCT design with biopsy tissue Prolaris® testing. The primary endpoint was trial acceptance/entry rates. Secondary endpoints included feasibility of Prolaris® testing, 12-month disease re-assessment (imaging/biochemical/histological), and 12-month treatment adherence/safety. Disease progression was defined as any of the following (i) 50% increase in baseline PSA, (ii) new Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) 4/5 lesion(s) on multi-parametric MRI where no previous lesion, (iii) 33% volume increase in lesion size, or radiological upstaging to ≥T3, (iv) ISUP Grade Group upgrade or (v) 50% increase in maximum cancer core length. RESULTS: Of 130 eligible patients, 104 (80%) accepted recruitment from seven sites over 12 months, of which 94 patients represented the per protocol population receiving treatment. Prolaris® testing was performed on 76/94 (81%) diagnostic biopsies. Twelve-month disease progression rate was 43.3%. Assessable 12-month treatment adherence in non-progressing patients to aspirin and vitamin D across all treatment arms was 91%. Two drug-attributable serious adverse events in 1 patient allocated to aspirin were identified. The study was not designed to determine differences between treatment arms. CONCLUSION: Recruitment of AS PCa patients into a multi-centre multi-arm placebo-controlled RCT of minimally-toxic adjunctive oral drug treatments with molecular biomarker profiling is acceptable and safe. A larger phase III study is needed to determine optimal agents, intervention efficacy, and outcome-associated biomarkers

Confronting Discrimination and Inequality in China : Chinese and Canadian Perspectives

Confronting Discrimination and Inequality in China focuses on the most challenging areas of discrimination and inequality in China, including discrimination faced by HIV/AIDS afflicted individuals, rural populations, migrant workers, women, people with disabilities, and ethnic minorities. The Canadian contributors offer rich regional, national, and international perspectives on how constitutions, laws, policies, and practices, both in Canada and in other parts of the world, battle discrimination and the conflicts that rise out of it. The Chinese contributors include some of the most independent-minded scholars and practitioners in China. Their assessments of the challenges facing China in the areas of discrimination and inequality not only attest to their personal courage and intellectual freedom but also add an important perspective on this emerging superpower

Hydromagnetic Unsteady Flow of a Dusty Viscous Fluid Between a Flat Wall and a Long Wavy Wall

Abstract. Magnetohydrodynamic flow of a dusty viscous conducting fluid between a parallel flat wall and a long wavy wall has b:en studied The velocity distributions of fluid and dust and the coeficients of skin-friction at both the walls have been evaluated. The effects of magnetic and frequency parameters on the above said physical quantities have besn investigated. 1

Impact of cerium doping on the structural and electrical properties of lithium nickel manganese oxide (LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2)

The present work focuses on the influence of Cerium on the structural and electrical properties of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2compound. Equivalent (LiNi0.475Ce0.05Mn0.475O2) and non-equivalent sites (LiNi0.45Ce0.05Mn0.5O2 and LiNi0.5Ce0.05Mn0.45O2) cerium doped LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2compounds were prepared by PVP assisted sol-gel method and was investigated by XRD and AC impedance analysis. The XRD analysis shows that Ce doping does not change the basic crystalline structure of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2. The appearance of new peaks at ~ 28 and 33° in the XRD pattern was consistent with the standard peaks of CeO2. In addition, the intensity ratio (I003/I104) of planes (003) and (104) was decreased by doping, suggesting the undesirable cation mixing to be occurred at the lattice. By AC impedance analysis the total electrical conductivity of the pristine compound was found to be 2.57×10−7 S/cm. An effective improvement of the total electrical conductivity (order of 10−6S/cm) was observed for the cerium doped LNMO compounds. © 2014, Sphinx Knowledge House. All rights Reserved.FALS