Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

In-depth analysis of the chemical composition, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics, and patent history of mangiferin

Introduction: Mangiferin (2-D-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-9H-xanthen-9-one) is extracted from different part of plants such seed, peel, and kernels of mango. Methods: In many studies mangiferin was studied for its antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and hypocholesterolaemia activity. It mainly works by altering the transcription process which further led to inhibition of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor. By preventing the expression of tumor necrosis factor, inducible nitric oxide synthase potential, proliferation, and apoptosis, mangiferin defends against a variety of human malignancies, such as breast, lung, brain, and colon tumours. It could defend against physiological hazards by preventing lipid peroxidation. Results: The present review focuses on an updated account of investigation related to mangiferin's chemo preventive activity, apoptosis induction in cancer cells, potential antioxidative activities, and patent mapping of additional therapeutic aspects. This review also highlights the different molecular targets of Mangiferin, as well as its potential as a polyphenol. Conclusion: From the finding of this review, it was concluded that Mangiferin has versatile pharmacological properties could serves as economic, safe and potential ailment in the treatment of diseases as well as dietary supplements