Influence of Thermally Treated Polytetrafluoroethylene on the Tribological Properties of Ultra-High Molecular Polyethylene

В данной работе исследовано влияние термически обработанного политетрафторэтилена (ПТФЭ) на свойства и структуру сверхвысокомолекулярного полиэтилена (СВМПЭ). Приведены результаты исследования прочности при сжатии, плотности и триботехнических характеристиках полимерных композитов на основе СВМПЭ, наполненного с исходным ПТФЭ и с термической обработкой. Показано, что введение в СВМПЭ политетрафторэтилена с термической обработкой приводит к улучшению износостойкости в 4 раза и прочности при сжатии до 50 % по сравнению с полимерной матрицей. Структурными исследованиями показано, что улучшение износостойкости связано со снижением окислительных процессов при трении за счет дискретно распределенных частиц термически обработанного ПТФЭ. Благодаря высокой износостойкости разработанные материалы могут найти применение в узлах трения машин и техникиIn this work, the effect of heat treatment of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) on the properties and structure of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene was studied. The results of a study on compression, density and tribological characteristics of polymer composites based on UHMWPE filled with initial PTFE and with heat treatment are presented. It is shown that the introduction of polytetrafluoroethylene with heat treatment leads to an improvement in wear resistance by a factor of 4 and compressive strength up to 50 % compared to the polymer matrix. Structural studies have shown that the improvement in wear resistance is associated with a decrease in oxidative processes during friction due to discretely distributed particles of heat-treated PTFE. Due to the high wear resistance, the developed materials can be used in friction units of machines and technical equipmen

Surface Treatment of Carbon Fiber Reinforcement to Increase Adhesion with Butadiene Elastomer

В работе приводятся результаты исследования увеличения адгезионного взаимодействия бутадиенового эластомера с армирующей тканью на основе углеволокна. Повышения адгезии эластомера с углеволокном добивались путем поверхностной обработки армирующей ткани, растворенной резиновой смесью в толуоле и клеем Хемосил. В результате исследования высокомодульных материалов на расслоение эластомера от углеволокна наблюдается повышение прочности адгезии. При обработке хемосилом армирующей ткани разрушение происходит по эластомеру, прочность соединения с углеволокном превышает когезионную прочность эластомера. Увеличение адгезии между армирующим наполнителем и бутадиеновой матрицей приводит к изменению упругопрочностных свойств полученных высокомодульных материалов, происходит увеличение прочности при разрыве, твердости, снижение относительного удлинения и абразивостойкости. Методом электронной микроскопии установлено, что поверхностная обработка углеткани приводит к образованию плотного контакта с эластомерной матрицей. При помощи термомеханического анализа показано, что данные материалы могут эксплуатироваться при отрицательных температурахThis study presents the results of the study of increasing the adhesive interaction of butadiene elastomer with the reinforcing fabric based on carbon fiber. Increased adhesion of elastomer with carbon fiber was achieved by surface treatment of reinforcing fabric with dissolved rubber mixture in toluene and Chemosil adhesive mixture. Examination of high-modulus materials for delamination of elastomer from carbon fiber showed an increase in adhesion strength. When a reinforcing fabric is treated with Chemosil adhesive mixture, the destruction occurs over the elastomer, the bond strength to the carbon fiber exceeds the cohesive strength of the elastomer. Increase of adhesion between reinforcing filler and butadiene matrix leads to change of elastic and strength properties of obtained high-modulus materials: increase of tensile strength and hardness, decrease of relative elongation and abrasion resistance. The method of electron microscopy has established that the surface treatment of carbon fabric leads to the formation of a dense contact with the elastomeric matrix. Thermomechanical analysis shows that these materials can be operated at negative temperature

Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Polytetrafluoroethylene Modified with Combined Fillers: Carbon Fibers, Zirconium Dioxide, Silicon Dioxide and Boron Nitride

The introduction of combined fillers can effectively improve the mechanical and tribological properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). In this work, three different types of nanosized fillers (zirconium dioxide, silicon dioxide, and boron nitride) were introduced in a carbon fiber-reinforced polymer matrix for the development of polymer composite materials (PCM). Tensile and compressive testing were carried out, and the hardness of created PCM was evaluated. It is shown that the compressive strength of PCM increased by 30–70%, and the hardness, increased by 38–55% compared to the initial PTFE. The tribological properties of the developed PCM were evaluated under dry friction conditions. An analysis of the results of an experimental study of wear confirmed that the inclusion of combined fillers (two- and three-component) in PTFE significantly increased wear resistance compared to the polymer matrix with a slight increase in the coefficient of friction. It has been shown that the introduction of three-component fillers has an antagonistic effect on the wear resistance of PCMs compared to two-component fillers. The thermodynamic properties of the composites were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and a thermomechanical analyzer. The surface morphology of polymer composites after wear testing was studied by IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy to investigate and suggest a possible mechanism for increasing the wear resistance of the developed composites

Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Polytetrafluoroethylene Composites Modified by Carbon Fibers and Zeolite

Currently, lightweight and high-strength polymer composites can provide weight savings in the automotive and process equipment industries by replacing metal parts. Polytetrafluoroethylene and polymer composites based on it are used in various tribological applications due to their excellent antifriction properties and thermal stability. This article examines the effect of combined fillers (carbon fibers and zeolite) on the mechanical, tribological properties, and structure of polytetrafluoroethylene. It is shown that the introduction of combined fillers into polytetrafluoroethylene retains the tensile strength and elongation at break at a content of 1–5 wt.% of carbon fibers, the compressive stress increased by 53%, and the yield stress increased by 45% relative to the initial polymer. The wear resistance of polymer composites increased 810-fold compared to the initial polytetrafluoroethylene while maintaining a low coefficient of friction. The structural features of polymer composites are characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy

Effect of Borpolymer on Mechanical and Structural Parameters of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene

The paper presents the results of studying the effect of borpolymer (BP) on the mechanical properties, structure, and thermodynamic parameters of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Changes in the mechanical characteristics of polymer composites material (PCM) are confirmed and complemented by structural studies. X-ray crystallography (XRC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy (IR) were used to study the melting point, morphology and composition of the filler, which corresponds to the composition and data of the certificate of the synthesized BP. Tensile and compressive mechanical tests were carried out in accordance with generally accepted standards (ASTM). It is shown that BP is an effective modifier for UHMWPE, contributing to a significant increase in the deformation and strength characteristics of the composite: tensile strength of PCM by 56%, elongation at break by 28% and compressive strength at 10% strain by 65% compared to the initial UHMWPE, due to intensive changes in the supramolecular structure of the matrix. Structural studies revealed that BP does not chemically interact with UHMWPE, but due to its high adhesion to the polymer, it acts as a reinforcing filler. SEM was used to establish the formation of a spherulite supramolecular structure of polymer composites

UHMWPE/CaSiO₃ Nanocomposite: Mechanical and Tribological Properties

This paper studied the effect of additives of 0.5–20 wt.% synthetic CaSiO3 wollastonite on the thermodynamic, mechanical, and tribological characteristics and structure of polymer composite materials (PCM) based on ultra-high-molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Using thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscope, and laser light diffraction methods, it was shown that autoclave synthesis in the multicomponent system CaSO4·2H2O–SiO2·nH2O–KOH–H2O allows one to obtain neeindle-shaped nanosized CaSiO3 particles. It was shown that synthetic wollastonite is an effective filler of UHMWPE, which can significantly increase the deformation-strength and tribological characteristics of PCM. The active participation of wollastonite in tribochemical reactions occurring during friction of PCM by infrared spectroscopy was detected: new peaks related to oxygen-containing functional groups (hydroxyl and carbonyl) appeared. The developed UHMWPE/CaSiO3 materials have high wear resistance and can be used as triboengineering materials

A Study of the Wear Mechanism of Composites Modified with Silicate Filler

The article considers the effect of a filler based on synthetic wollastonite (CaSiO3), which is introduced into a polymer matrix made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, on the tribotechnical parameters of the produced polymer composite material. Behavioral features of composites after friction were investigated by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the introduction of wollastonite into the polymer matrix contributed to a reduction in the friction coefficient by 23% and the wear rate by four times. In the micrographs of the friction surfaces of the obtained composite, the formation of new secondary structures oriented along the friction direction, different from the initial polymer matrix, was revealed. The presence of wear products (oxidized polymer groups) and CaSiO3 on the friction surfaces was recorded by infrared spectroscopy. It was established that the synthesized CaSiO3 particles were deformed under the action of shear forces and participated in tribochemical processes

A Study of the Wear Mechanism of Composites Modified with Silicate Filler

The article considers the effect of a filler based on synthetic wollastonite (CaSiO3), which is introduced into a polymer matrix made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, on the tribotechnical parameters of the produced polymer composite material. Behavioral features of composites after friction were investigated by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the introduction of wollastonite into the polymer matrix contributed to a reduction in the friction coefficient by 23% and the wear rate by four times. In the micrographs of the friction surfaces of the obtained composite, the formation of new secondary structures oriented along the friction direction, different from the initial polymer matrix, was revealed. The presence of wear products (oxidized polymer groups) and CaSiO3 on the friction surfaces was recorded by infrared spectroscopy. It was established that the synthesized CaSiO3 particles were deformed under the action of shear forces and participated in tribochemical processes

Two-Layer Rubber-Based Composite Material and UHMWPE with High Wear Resistance

The aim of the study is the development of two-layer materials based on ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and isoprene rubber (IR) depending on the vulcanization accelerators (2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), diphenylguanidine (DPG), and tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD)). The article presents the study of the influence of these accelerators on the properties and structure of UHMWPE. It is shown that the use of accelerators to modify UHMWPE leads to an increase in tensile strength of 28–53%, a relative elongation at fracture of 7–23%, and wear resistance of three times compared to the original UHMWPE. It has been determined that the introduction of selected vulcanization accelerators into UHMWPE leads to an increase in adhesion between the polymer and rubber. The study of the interfacial boundary of a two-layer material with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that the structure is characterized by the presence of UHMWPE fibrils localized in the rubber material due to mechanical adhesion

Influence of Nano- Sized Metal Oxides and Mercaptobenzthiazole on the Properties and Structure of Ultra-High Molecular Polyethylene

В работе приведены результаты исследования влияния комбинированных наполнителей (2-меркаптобензтиазол (МБТ) и наноразмерных оксидов: ZrO2, WO3, ZnO и CuO) на служебные свойства и структуру сверхвысокомолекулярного полиэтилена (СВМПЭ). Композиты на основе СВМПЭ с бинарными наполнителями получены методом горячего прессования. Исследование физико-механических характеристик полимерных композиционных материалов показало повышение прочности при растяжении и относительного удлинения при разрыве на 43–50 % и 26–27 % соответственно по сравнению с исходным СВМПЭ. Напряжение при сжатии и твердость по Шору D композитов повысились на 41 % и 11–15 % соответственно. Микроскопические исследования композитов показали формирование сферолитных образований в надмолекулярной структуре, а плотность увеличивается во всех образцах при введении наполнителей. Термодинамические исследования показали, что энтальпия плавления и степень кристалличности композитов состава СВМПЭ/МБТ/ZrO2 и СВМПЭ/МБТ/WO3 выше по сравнению с СВМПЭ/МБТ/CuO и СВМПЭ/МБТ/ZnO. Трибологические исследования выявили улучшение износостойкости СВМПЭ/МБТ/CuO в 4 раза по сравнению с ненаполненным полимером при сохранении низкого коэффициента трения. Исследование поверхности трения композитов показало формирование вторичных структур, снижающих усталостное и абразивное изнашивание, что объясняет повышение износостойкости. Разработанные композиты на основе СВМПЭ, наполненного МБТ и оксидами металлов, могут найти применение в технике и различных оборудованиях благодаря улучшенным свойствамIn this paper presents the results of a study of the inf luence of combined fillers (2-mercaptobenzthiazole (MBT) and nano-sized oxides: ZrO2, WO3, ZnO and CuO) on the structural, thermal, mechanical and tribological properties of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Composites based on UHMWPE with binary fillers were obtained by hot pressing. A study of the mechanical properties of polymer composite materials showed an increase in tensile strength and elongation at break by 43–50 % and 26–27 % compared to the initial UHMWPE. The compressive stress and Shore D hardness of the composites increased by 41 % and 11–15 %. Microscopic studies of composites showed the formation of spherulite formations in the supramolecular structure, and the density increases in all samples with the introduction of fillers. Thermodynamic studies have shown that the enthalpy of melting and the degree of crystallinity for composites of the composition UHMWPE/ MBT/ZrO2 and UHMWPE/MBT/WO3 are higher compared to UHMWPE/MBT/CuO and UHMWPE/ MBT/ZnO. Tribological tests have shown an improvement in the wear resistance of UHMWPE/MBT/ CuO by 4 times compared to the unfilled polymer matrix while maintaining a low coefficient of friction. A study of the worn surface of composites showed the formation of secondary structures that reduce fatigue and abrasive wear, which explains the increase in wear resistance. The developed composites based on UHMWPE filled with MBT and nanooxides can find application in technology and various equipment due to their improved propertie