Утилизация щелоков шламохранилищ калийного производства

Processing of potash production slime storage lyes with the aim to obtain useful components with evaporation method was investigated. It was estimated that during the first and the second stages of evaporation in vacuum crystallization devise (VCD) sodium chloride was crystallized from the hot (90-95 °C) lye, and potassium chloride - when cooling down to 35 °C. Content of basic components (KCl & NaCl) in the precipitate was more than 90 %. During the third stage, while cooling down to 20-25 °C, and the fourth stage from the hot (90-95 °C) lye, a mixture of sodium and potassium chlorides was crystallized. During the next evaporation and cooling up to 20-25 °C together with sodium and potassium chlorides, carnallite was obtained, the decomposition of which leads to potassium chloride formation.Исследован процесс переработки щелоков шламохранилищ калийного производства с целью выделения полезных компонентов методом выпаривания. Установлено, что на первых двух стадиях выпарки в вакуумно-выпарной установке (ВВУ) из горячего щелока (90-95 °С) кристаллизуется хлорид натрия, а при охлаждении до 35 °С - хлорид калия. Содержание основных компонентов (NaCl и KCl) в осадках составляет более 90 %. На третьей стадии при охлаждении до температуры 20-25 °С и на четвертой стадии из горячего щелока 90-95 °С кристаллизуется смесь хлоридов калия и натрия. При дальнейшем выпаривании и охлаждении до 20-25 °С наряду с хлоридом натрия кристаллизуется карналлит, при разложении которого можно получить хлорид калия

Nutrition and cancer: A review of the evidence for an anti-cancer diet

It has been estimated that 30–40 percent of all cancers can be prevented by lifestyle and dietary measures alone. Obesity, nutrient sparse foods such as concentrated sugars and refined flour products that contribute to impaired glucose metabolism (which leads to diabetes), low fiber intake, consumption of red meat, and imbalance of omega 3 and omega 6 fats all contribute to excess cancer risk. Intake of flax seed, especially its lignan fraction, and abundant portions of fruits and vegetables will lower cancer risk. Allium and cruciferous vegetables are especially beneficial, with broccoli sprouts being the densest source of sulforophane. Protective elements in a cancer prevention diet include selenium, folic acid, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, chlorophyll, and antioxidants such as the carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, cryptoxanthin). Ascorbic acid has limited benefits orally, but could be very beneficial intravenously. Supplementary use of oral digestive enzymes and probiotics also has merit as anticancer dietary measures. When a diet is compiled according to the guidelines here it is likely that there would be at least a 60–70 percent decrease in breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers, and even a 40–50 percent decrease in lung cancer, along with similar reductions in cancers at other sites. Such a diet would be conducive to preventing cancer and would favor recovery from cancer as well

Mutations in the pyruvate kinase L-gene in patients with hereditary hemolytic anemia

We have completely sequenced the introns of the human L-type pyruvate kinase (PK) gene using the published cDNA sequence. Subsequently, DNA from 12 unrelated PK deficiency (PKD) patients of Central European origin was investigated for mutations in this gene by solid-phase sequencing. We detected 10 different mutations, 9 of which result in single amino acid alterations, whereas the tenth destroys a splice site. Eight of the 10 mutations have not been described before. We found 7 missense mutations: G994-->A (Gly-332-->Ser), G1006-->T (Ala-336-->Ser), A1081-->G (Asn-361-->Asp), G1174-->A (Ala-392-->Thr), G1493-->A (Arg-498-->His), G1529-->A (Arg-510-->Gln), C1594-->T (Arg-532-->Trp), one in-frame triplet deletion (del) as well as one insertion (ins): del AAG1060-62 (del Lys-354), ins AGC after C1203 (ins Ser after Cys-401), and one splice-site mutation at the border of intron A to exon 3: g/G283-->a/G. Although the enzymatic properties are substantially changed in all PK mutations, only two affected amino acid positions are in or close to the active site. Mutations C1594-->T, G994-->A, del AAG1060-62 and the splice-site mutation g/G283-->a/G have been detected in two different patients each. Mutation G1529-->A was found in five different alleles. Haplotype analysis with the A/C polymorphism at position 1705 gave evidence for a single origin of this most frequent mutation in PKD as suggested by Baronciani and Beutler (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:4324, 1993). Carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis are now feasible for the affected families