An estimate for derivative of the de la Vallee Poussin mean

In this paper, we discuss derivative of the de la Vallee Poussin mean for exponential weights on real line. When we lead an inequality, an estimate for the Christoffel function plays an important role.Comment: 18 page

ショウニ ノ ショクモツ アレルギー ノ ジッタイ ト ショクセイカツ

Allergies rarely developed in Japan immediately after the Second World War, but have been remarkablely increased in the current two decades with the change of the life and dietary habits as like western. To date, it is deduced that recent progressive increase of allergic diseases in Japan may be caused by multi-factors rather than one major factor on the basis of the current life and dietary habits. The disadvantage reaction caused by taking food is called “adverse reaction to food”, which is divided into two categories ; one is food allergy caused by immunological reactions and the other is food intolerance caused by enzyme effects, pharmacological effects, or toxic properties. Food allergy causes in some persons, especially in infants, by eating food most of foods have possibility to cause allergy. In infants hen’s egg and cow’s milk are frequently identified as major food allergens. These foods are well inducible for toleration as they grow. On the contray, soba and peanuts that are known as food allergens but cause sometimes systemic anaphylaxis without toleration against them. The gold standard for preventing allergic symptoms in patients with food allergy is the elimination of the identified foods as allergens from diets. It is not only safe therapy but also prevents the development of other types of allergy

Rapid modification of antibodies on the surface of liposomes composed of high-affinity protein A-conjugated phospholipid for selective drug delivery

Antibody-modified liposomes, immuno-liposomes, can selectively deliver encapsulated drug ‘cargos’ to cells via the interaction of cell surface proteins with antibodies. However, chemical modification of both the antibodies and phospholipids is required for the preparation of immuno-liposomes for each target protein using conventional methods, which is time-consuming. In the present study, we demonstrated that high-affinity protein A- (Protein A-R28: PAR28) displaying liposomes prepared by the post-insertion of PAR28-conjugated phospholipid through polyethylene glycol (PEG)-linkers (PAR28-PEG-lipo) can undergo rapid modification of antibodies on their surface, and the liposomes can be delivered to cells based on their modified antibodies. Anti-CD147 and anti-CD31 antibodies could be modified with PAR28-PEG-lipo within 1 h, and each liposome was specifically taken up by CD147- and CD31-positive cells, respectively. The cellular amounts of doxorubicin delivered by anti-CD147 antibody-modified PAR28-PEG-lipo were significantly higher than those of isotype control antibody-modified liposomes. PAR28-PEG-lipo can easily and rapidly undergo modification of various antibodies on their surface, which then makes them capable of selective drug delivery dependent on the antibodies

Functional analysis of block 5, one of the highly conserved amino acid sequences in the 130-kDa CryIVA protein produced by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis

AbstractThere are five amino acid sequences highly conserved among Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxins. We have changed the amino acid residues in block 5, one of the conserved sequences, of CryIVA. When the amino acid residues with charged side chains were replaced by others, the amount of production of the altered CryIVA protein was markedly decreased. It is suggested that the decrease is caused by the unstable conformation of the altered CryIVA protein molecule, as judged by digestion with trypsin and thermolysin. On the other hand, the substitution of amino acid residues in block 5 did not affect the insecticidal activity of CryIVA. These results strongly suggest that block 5 of CryIVA is one of the stability-determining elements of the protoxin molecule

Chlamydial Infection-Dependent Synthesis of Sphingomyelin as a Novel Anti-Chlamydial Target of Ceramide Mimetic Compounds

The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is the major causative agent of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. In infected cells, the ceramide transport protein (CERT) is recruited to inclusions, where C. trachomatis replicates using host-synthesized ceramide. The ceramide is converted to sphingomyelin (SM) by a chlamydial infection-dependent SM synthesis (cidSM-synthesis) pathway, which occurs even in the absence of the SM synthases (SMS)-1 and -2 of host cells. The ceramide mimetic compound (1R,3S)-HPA-12 and the nonmimetic compound E16A, both of which are potent inhibitors of CERT, repressed the proliferation of C. trachomatis in HeLa cells. Unexpectedly, (1R,3R)-HPA-12, a ceramide mimetic compound that lacks CERT inhibitory activity, also exhibited potent anti-chlamydial activity. Using endogenous SMS-knockout mutant HeLa cells, we revealed that (1R,3R)-HPA-12 mildly inhibited cidSM-synthesis. In addition, LC-MS analysis revealed that (1R,3R)-HPA-12 is converted to a phosphocholine-conjugated metabolite in an infection-dependent manner. Imaging analysis with a fluorescent analog of ceramide suggested that cidSM-synthesis occurs in the bacterial bodies and/or inclusions. Collectively, these results suggested that (1R,3R)-HPA-12 exerts its anti-chlamydia activity not only as an inhibitor of cidSM-synthesis, but also via putative toxic effects of its phosphocholine adduct, which is most likely produced by the cidSM-synthesis route

Evaluation of Testicular Toxicity By Sperm Epigenetic Status

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Individual shape and composition analysis of urban atmospheric aerosols using FIB-TOF-SIMS

Minute solid or liquid particles suspended in air are called aerosols. Aerosols can be of natural origin, such as yellow sand, or of anthropogenic origin, such as railroad wear dust. Bulk analysis has been used for the chemical analysis of aerosols with such various sources. However, bulk analysis can only determine the average chemical composition of a group of particles and cannot, in principle, analyze the chemical composition of individual particles. In our group, we have developed an FIB-TOF-SIMS (Focused Ion Beam Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer) to analyze the compositional distribution of individual particles . Our investigations have revealed that there is a certain correlation between particle composition (source) and particle shape. In addition, it is important to understand the composition and shape of particles originating from urban areas because the traffic volume is relatively high in urban areas and there is concern about the emission of large amounts of aerosols and their health effects on human health. In this study, we sampled aerosols in Shinjuku area and analyzed them using FIB-TOF-SIMS. In this presentation, we will report the component analysis of urban atmospheric aerosols and the shape characteristics of the particles

The role of vitamin E in T-cell differentiation and the decrease of cellular immunity with aging

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)as a model for aging were used in this experiment and fed a regular (50 IU/Kg diet) or high vitamin E(500IU/Kg diet) diet for 6weeks. At 12weeks old, they were killed and assayed. Although proliferation of thymic lymphocytes was significantly decreased in SHR fed the regular diet compared to Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) fed the same diet, high vitamin E diet enhanced proliferation of thymic lymphocytes in SHR to almost the levels in WKY fed the regular diet. In addition, the expressions of both CD4 and CD8 antigens on CD4+CD8+ T cells, immature T cells existing in thymic cortex, were also decreased in SHR, and significantly improved by high vitamin E diet. These results suggest that high vitamin E diet enhances thymic lymphocyte proliferation through increased T-cell differentiation in thymus. Then, the effect of vitamin E on T-cell differentiation in thymus was investigated by using male Fisher rats. Rats were divided into three groups;vitamin E-free, regular and high vitamin E groups and fed a diet containing various levels of vitamin E(0, 50 and 500IU/Kg diet) for 7weeks. Although the percentages of CD4+CD8- and CD4-CD8+ T cells in thymocytes were significantly greater in the high vitamin E group, the percentage of CD4+CD8- T cells inversely decreased in the vitamin E-free group compared to the regular group. We have tried to investigate the mechanism of the increased T-cell differentiation in thymus of rats fed the high vitamin E diet through cytokine production, and thymic epithelial cell (TEC) and macrophage functions. We have found that vitamin E enhances T-cell differentiation through the increase of not macrophage but TEC function in thymus, which is associated with the increased binding capacity of TEC to immature T cells via increased expression of adhesion molecule, ICAM-1. These results suggest that vitamin E is a potent nutrient for promoting health in the aged via the improvement of cellular immunity decreased with aging