Histomorphometric effects of Raphanus Sativus leaf ex-tract on Carbon Tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity.

Introduction: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) adversely affect the structural/ and or functional properties of the hepatic tissue, leading to grave implica-tions. Currently plant-based compounds have gained sufficient space in the treatment of liver diseases. Among such plants is Raphanus sativus, a cru-ciferous plant also commonly called Radish, which has since long been used in traditional medicine.Objective: To evaluate the protective role of Raphanus sativus in CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity through assessment of liver function and oxidative stress markers in albino Wistar rats.Methodology: This Quasi-experimental study was conducted between Sep-tember 2019 to March 2020 at the Postgraduate Research Laboratory Isra University, Hyderabad. Albino Wistar selected by non-random purposive sampling were divided equally into three different groups: Group A (control group), Group B (CCl4 experimental group), and Group C (CCl4 plus Raphanus sativus group). Blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture followed by hepatic histopathological analysis using light micro-scope. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24, with ANOVA and Post hoc Tukey’s analysis used for comparison of different study variables.Results: Statistically significant rise relative liver weight of group B rats compared with the group A and C rats (P <0.05). Moreover, statistically sig-nificant (P <0.05) rise in serum markers of hepatic functions was observed after CCl4 administration in Group B. Treatment with Raphanus Sativus ad-ministration significantly reduced serum levels of LFTs (p<0.05). There was a significant decline in the plasma levels of oxidative markers in group B while marked histopathological changes like necrosis, sinusoidal dilatation and congestion observed among animals of group B.Conclusion: Raphanus Sativus exerts an anti-oxidative, and hepato-protective effect against CCl4-induced hepatic tissue damage.Keywords: CCl4, Hepato-protective, Raphanus Sativus

Impact of Resveratrol in Attenuating Cisplatin Induced Testicular Toxicity in Male adult Rats

Background: Resveratrol is a poly-hydroxy phenol plant toxin that reduces oxidative stress and prevents tissue damage by increasing endogenous antioxidant levels. The study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Resveratrol by histochemical, ultrastructural and biochemical methods in testicular toxicity induced by the Cisplatin in Wistar Albino rats. Methodology: The quasi-experimental study was carried out at the department of Pharmacology, Anatomy and Postgraduate Laboratory of ISRA University Hyderabad from October 2020 to March 2021. Twenty-four male, healthy Wistar Albino rats of age from 8-10 weeks and having body weight 250-300 grams, were included in the study. Rats were divided into three groups; each group have same number (n=08) of rats. Group-A (Control), Group-B (Experimental group or Cisplatin group), Group-C (Experimental group or Cisplatin + Resveratrol combination group). Pre- and post-experimental body weight of all animals was measured, blood samples were collected for the biochemical analysis for the oxidative markers, semen parameters, and histo-morphology. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24.0. Results: Statistically significant decline in the bodyweight and testicular weight in group B and C respectively (p<0.05). While Group-B had lower sperm count, motility, and viability when compared to Group-C (p<0.05). Group-B also had significantly lower levels of oxidative markers than Group-C (p<0.05). Group- B's testicular histology significantly differed from Group-C's (p<0.05). Seminiferous tubules in Group-B were irregular, regressive, and atrophic. Conclusion: Resveratrol is a powerful antioxidant shows potential in reducing cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and, eventually, testicular toxicity in mice models

Histomorphometric Alterations in Hepatic Tissue from Malathion-Induced Toxicity: An Experimental Animal Study

Background: Malathion, a widely used insecticide readily absorbed through skin and seriously affects different tissues and organs of the body. The main objective of this study was to compare the histomorphometric alterations resulting from hazardous effects of different doses of Malathion on hepatic tissue of male albino Wistar rats. Material and Methods: This animal experimental study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy and Postgraduate Research Laboratory at the Isra University, Hyderabad, Sindh Pakistan from February to July 2019. Thirty male albino Wistar rats between 250-300 grams weight were distributed equally into group A (control), group B (low-dose Malathion group; 27mg/kg 1/50 of LD50), and group C (high-dose Malathion group; 50mg/kg). Bodyweight of all rats was taken twice, before and after the experiment. The liver was dissected out, washed and weighed. Histopathological examination was done under the light microscope. Grading was done for severity in histopathological changes in each group. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey test for comparison with the level of significance set at P-value ≤ .05. Results: Statistically significant (P < .05) decline in body weight was observed in groups B and C in comparison with group A. The relative weight of the liver was increased significantly (P < .05) in the experimental groups, when compared with the control group. Mild-to-moderate histopathological changes were observed in the low-dose Malathion group (Group B) while moderate-to-severe histopathological changes were demonstrated in the high-dose group (Group C). Conclusions: Malathion is a potent toxic pesticide and its exposure can exhibit damage to the hepatic tissues in a dose-dependent manner