Reducing the Risk of Pesticide Residues in the Groundwater: A Case Study of Punjab

The objective of this study was to reduce the risks of pesticide residues in groundwater, through the use of Good Agriculture Practices (Gaps) the data (primary) were collected with the help of two pretested questionnaires. SQC (Statistical Quality Control) tools and Hazard Identification Based System were used on data, for the determination of the risk from different activities, related to pesticide usage. It was observed that induction of risk assessment and the principle of quality management at an early stage of the food supply chain which would increase the efficiency of farming and also decreased the different types of hazards, related to the agricultural activit

Reducing the Risk of Pesticide Residues in the Groundwater: A Case Study of Punjab

The objective of this study was to reduce the risks of pesticide residues in groundwater, through the use of Good Agriculture Practices (Gaps) the data (primary) were collected with the help of two pretested questionnaires. SQC (Statistical Quality Control) tools and Hazard Identification Based System were used on data, for the determination of the risk from different activities, related to pesticide usage. It was observed that induction of risk assessment and the principle of quality management at an early stage of the food supply chain which would increase the efficiency of farming and also decreased the different types of hazards, related to the agricultural activit

Impact of service quality on Loyalty & Mediating role of Trust: An empirical investigation of Restaurants

Study was conducted to investigate the relationship between service quality, trust and loyalty. The trust is mediating between service quality and loyalty. Service quality provided to the customer is responsibility of the restaurants. Using a convenient sampling data was collected from consumers. Service quality positively associated with trust and loyalty and trust is also positively linked with loyalty and mediates the relationship between service quality and loyalty according to our finding. This article helps the organizations to understand the importance of service quality provide and how consumers become loyal to the organization. Customer retention is higher and profitability is greater for the business over the long period of time.&nbsp

Atitude do consumidor e intenção de compra em relação a produtos têxteis orgânicos

Social mobilization towards various environmental problems changed the consumer’s attitudes and induced purchase decisions towards Organic Textile products. The main purpose of the current study was to understand consumer attitudes towards the purchase intentions of green textile products in developing countries like Pakistan. The model was developed by using the theory of planned behaviour and further attempt to extend the TPB by adding additional constructs (environmental concern, personal norms, health consciousness, and consumer knowledge). Data were collected through emails and self-administered survey questionnaire. Smart PLS 3 was used for data analysis. The findings of the study reveal that Health Consciousness, consumer knowledge, environmental concern and personal norms had a positive relationship with consumer attitude. But Subjective Norms had insignificant impact on consumer attitude. On the other hand Consumer attitude mediates the effect of different factors (IV) on purchase intention (DV). Ultimately, positive consumer attitude resulted in to purchase intention of textile organic products. The findings of the current study provide important practical and theoretical implications for buyer’s behaviors towards green textile products.La movilización social para los diferentes problemas cambió el consumidor de las actitudes y las necesidades de compra de la demanda hacia los productos textiles textiles. El principal propósito del estudio actual fue el de consumir las actitudes relativas a la compra de intenciones de productos del verde productos en países de transición similares. El modelo se desarrolló utilizando la teoría de comportamiento de comportamiento y se ha intentado que se extienda el TPB por agregar construcciones adicionales (aspectos relativos a la seguridad, el comportamiento de las personas, el conocimiento de la conciencia, y el consumidor). Los datos fueron recabados por correo electrónico y auto-encuesta cuestionario. Smart PLS 3 se utilizó para el análisis de datos. Los resultados del estudio revelan que el bienestar de la salud, el consumidor de los consumidores, la atención de la salud y la personalidad de los miembros de la familia. But Subjective Norms había insignificante impacto en la industria de consumo. En la otra mano de atención al consumidor actúa el efecto de diferentes factores (IV) en la demanda (DV). Ultimately, la respuesta positiva de la actitud de la conducta en la compra de los productos de los productos del producto. Los resultados del presente estudio proporcionan un importante sentido práctico y las razones para los comportamientos de los consumidores para los productos del verde.A mobilização social para vários problemas ambientais mudou as atitudes do consumidor e induziu decisões de compra em relação aos produtos têxteis orgânicos. O principal objetivo do presente estudo foi entender as atitudes do consumidor em relação às intenções de compra de produtos têxteis verdes em países em desenvolvimento como o Paquistão. O modelo foi desenvolvido usando a teoria do comportamento planejado e mais uma tentativa de estender o TPB, adicionando construtos adicionais (preocupação ambiental, normas pessoais, consciência de saúde e conhecimento do consumidor). Os dados foram coletados por meio de e-mails e questionário de pesquisa autoaplicável. O Smart PLS 3 foi usado para análise de dados. Os achados do estudo revelam que a Consciência em Saúde, a consciência do consumidor, a preocupação ambiental e as normas pessoais tiveram uma relação positiva com a atitude do consumidor. Mas as Normas Subjetivas tiveram um impacto insignificante na atitude do consumidor. Por outro lado, a atitude do consumidor medeia o efeito de diferentes fatores (IV) na intenção de compra (DV). Em última análise, a atitude positiva do consumidor resultou na intenção de compra de produtos orgânicos têxteis. As conclusões do presente estudo fornecem importantes implicações práticas e teóricas para o comportamento do comprador em relação a produtos têxteis verdes

Volatilidade do mercado de ações do Paquistão: uma comparação de modelos do tipo Garch com cinco

This study conducts empirical analyses modeling the volatility of Pakistani stock market over the period of 1st January 2008 to 30th June 2018 via different GARCH type Model; Symmetric (GARCH & GARCH-M) and Asymmetric (EGARCH & TGARCH) with five different Distribution Techniques such as Normal Distribution (Norm), Student’s t Distribution (Std.), Generalized Error Distribution (GED), Student’s t Distribution with fix the degree of freedom (Std. with fix DOF) and Generalized Error Distribution with fix parameters (GED with fix parameters). The results are shown in GARCH (1, 1) lagged conditional variance and squared disturbance which effects conditional variance is significant in all distribution. GARCH-M (1, 1) depicts a positive significant at 1% results in Std. and GED which indicates the existence of risk premium and insignificant in rest of the distribution on. EGARCH and TGARCH both are found to leverage effect significant at 1% level. In determining the accuracy and adequacy of forecasting density and choice of volatility model the results on simulated data indicates choice of conditional distribution appear as a more dominant factor. EGARCH model with Student’s t the distribution technique is delivered satisfactory results as compare to other models which censored by statistical tools of maximum Log Likelihood, minimum AIC, and SIC. The previous study of Pakistani Stock Market is limited to GARCH family models with one or two distributions. This study covers the limitations and also contributes existing literature in this regard. This research is considered important for investors, policymakers, and researchers.Este estudio realiza análisis empíricos que modelan la volatilidad del mercado de valores pakistaní durante el período del 1 de enero de 2008 al 30 de junio de 2018 a través de diferentes modelos de tipo GARCH; Simétrico (GARCH & GARCH-M) y Asymmetric (EGARCH & TGARCH) con cinco técnicas de distribución diferentes, como la distribución normal (Norm), la distribución t de Student (Std.), La distribución de errores generalizada (GED), la distribución t de Student con la corrección del grado de libertad (Std. con corrección DOF) y Distribución de errores generalizada con parámetros de corrección (GED con parámetros de corrección). Los resultados se muestran en GARCH (1, 1) varianza condicional retrasada y perturbación al cuadrado, lo que afecta a la varianza condicional es significativo en toda la distribución. GARCH-M (1, 1) muestra un resultado positivo significativo al 1% en la norma. y GED, que indica la existencia de prima de riesgo e insignificante en el resto de la distribución en. Tanto EGARCH como TGARCH tienen un efecto de apalancamiento significativo al nivel del 1%. Al determinar la precisión y la adecuación de la densidad de pronóstico y la elección del modelo de volatilidad, los resultados en datos simulados indican que la elección de la distribución condicional aparece como un factor más dominante. El modelo EGARCH con la técnica de distribución de Student se entrega con resultados satisfactorios en comparación con otros modelos que están censurados por las herramientas estadísticas de máxima probabilidad de registro, mínimo AIC y SIC. El estudio anterior de la Bolsa de Valores de Pakistán se limita a los modelos de la familia GARCH con una o dos distribuciones. Este estudio cubre las limitaciones y también aporta la literatura existente en este sentido. Esta investigación se considera importante para los inversores, los responsables políticos y los investigadores.Este estudo realiza análises empíricas modelando a volatilidade do mercado de ações paquistanês no período de 1º de janeiro de 2008 a 30 de junho de 2018 através de diferentes modelos do tipo GARCH; Simétrico (GARCH & GARCH-M) e Assimétrico (EGARCH & TGARCH) com cinco diferentes Técnicas de Distribuição, como Distribuição Normal (Norm), Distribuição t de Student (Padrão), Distribuição de Erro Generalizada (GED), Distribuição t de Student com correção do grau de liberdade (Std. com correção de DOF) e distribuição de erros generalizada com parâmetros de correção (GED com parâmetros de correção). Os resultados são apresentados na variância condicional defasada GARCH (1, 1) e na perturbação quadrada que afeta a variância condicional em todas as distribuições. GARCH-M (1, 1) representa um significante positivo com resultados de 1% em Std. e GED que indica a existência de prêmio de risco e insignificante em resto da distribuição em. EGARCH e TGARCH ambos são encontrados para alavancar o efeito significativo ao nível de 1%. Ao determinar a precisão e a adequação da densidade de previsão e a escolha do modelo de volatilidade, os resultados em dados simulados indicam que a escolha da distribuição condicional aparece como um fator mais dominante. O modelo EGARCH com Student t a técnica de distribuição apresenta resultados satisfatórios quando comparado a outros modelos que foram censurados por ferramentas estatísticas de máxima Likelihood, mínima AIC e SIC. O estudo anterior do mercado de ações paquistanês é limitado a modelos de família GARCH com uma ou duas distribuições. Este estudo cobre as limitações e também contribui com a literatura existente a esse respeito. Esta pesquisa é considerada importante para investidores, formuladores de políticas e pesquisadores

Application of Multi-Objective Optimization Based on Genetic Algorithm for Sustainable Strategic Supplier Selection under Fuzzy Environment

Purpose: The incorporation of environmental objective into the conventional supplier selection practices is crucial for corporations seeking to promote green supply chain management (GSCM). Challenges and risks associated with green supplier selection have been broadly recognized by procurement and supplier management professionals. This paper aims to solve a Tetra “S” (SSSS) problem based on a fuzzy multi-objective optimization with genetic algorithm in a holistic supply chain environment. In this empirical study, a mathematical model with fuzzy coefficients is considered for sustainable strategic supplier selection (SSSS) problem and a corresponding model is developed to tackle this problem. Design/methodology/approach: Sustainable strategic supplier selection (SSSS) decisions are typically multi-objectives in nature and it is an important part of green production and supply chain management for many firms. The proposed uncertain model is transferred into deterministic model by applying the expected value measure (EVM) and genetic algorithm with weighted sum approach for solving the multi-objective problem. This research focus on a multiobjective optimization model for minimizing lean cost, maximizing sustainable service and greener product quality level. Finally, a mathematical case of textile sector is presented to exemplify the effectiveness of the proposed model with a sensitivity analysis. Findings: This study makes a certain contribution by introducing the Tetra ‘S’ concept in both the theoretical and practical research related to multi-objective optimization as well as in the study of sustainable strategic supplier selection (SSSS) under uncertain environment. Our results suggest that decision makers tend to select strategic supplier first then enhance the sustainability. Research limitations/implications: Although the fuzzy expected value model (EVM) with fuzzy coefficients constructed in present research should be helpful for solving real world problems. A detailed comparative analysis by using other algorithms is necessary for solving similar problems of agriculture, pharmaceutical, chemicals and services sectors in future. Practical implications: It can help the decision makers for ordering to different supplier for managing supply chain performance in efficient and effective manner. From the procurement and engineering perspectives, minimizing cost, sustaining the quality level and meeting production time line is the main consideration for selecting the supplier. Empirically, this can facilitate engineers to reduce production costs and at the same time improve the product quality. Originality/value: In this paper, we developed a novel multi-objective programming model based on genetic algorithm to select sustainable strategic supplier (SSSS) under fuzzy environment. The algorithm was tested and applied to solve a real case of textile sector in Pakistan. The experimental results and comparative sensitivity analysis illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed model.Peer Reviewe

Green photosensitisers for the degradation of selected pesticides of high risk in most susceptible food: a safer approach

Pesticides are the leading defence against pests, but their unsafe use reciprocates the pesticide residues in highly susceptible food and is becoming a serious risk for human health. In this study, mint extract and riboflavin were tested as photosensitisers in combination with light irradiation of different frequencies, employed for various time intervals to improve the photo-degradation of deltamethrin (DM) and lambda cyhalothrin (λ-CHT) in cauliflower. Different source of light was studied, either in ultraviolet range (UV-C, 254 nm or UV-A, 320–380 nm) or sunlight simulator (> 380–800 nm). The degradation of the pesticides varied depending on the type of photosensitiser and light source. Photo-degradation of the DM and λ-CHT was enhanced by applying the mint extracts and riboflavin and a more significant degradation was achieved with UV-C than with either UV-A or sunlight, reaching a maximum decrement of the concentration by 67–76%. The light treatments did not significantly affect the in-vitro antioxidant activity of the natural antioxidants in cauliflower. A calculated dietary risk assessment revealed that obvious dietary health hazards of DM and λ-CHT pesticides when sprayed on cauliflower for pest control. The use of green chemical photosensitisers (mint extract and riboflavin) in combination with UV light irradiation represents a novel, sustainable, and safe approach to pesticide reduction in produce

Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial

Background Findings from the RESTART trial suggest that starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. Brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases (such as cerebral microbleeds) are associated with greater risks of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage. We did subgroup analyses of the RESTART trial to explore whether these brain imaging features modify the effects of antiplatelet therapy

Adolescent transport and unintentional injuries: a systematic analysis using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: Globally, transport and unintentional injuries persist as leading preventable causes of mortality and morbidity for adolescents. We sought to report comprehensive trends in injury-related mortality and morbidity for adolescents aged 10–24 years during the past three decades. Methods: Using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2019 Study, we analysed mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to transport and unintentional injuries for adolescents in 204 countries. Burden is reported in absolute numbers and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population by sex, age group (10–14, 15–19, and 20–24 years), and sociodemographic index (SDI) with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We report percentage changes in deaths and DALYs between 1990 and 2019. Findings: In 2019, 369 061 deaths (of which 214 337 [58%] were transport related) and 31·1 million DALYs (of which 16·2 million [52%] were transport related) among adolescents aged 10–24 years were caused by transport and unintentional injuries combined. If compared with other causes, transport and unintentional injuries combined accounted for 25% of deaths and 14% of DALYs in 2019, and showed little improvement from 1990 when such injuries accounted for 26% of adolescent deaths and 17% of adolescent DALYs. Throughout adolescence, transport and unintentional injury fatality rates increased by age group. The unintentional injury burden was higher among males than females for all injury types, except for injuries related to fire, heat, and hot substances, or to adverse effects of medical treatment. From 1990 to 2019, global mortality rates declined by 34·4% (from 17·5 to 11·5 per 100 000) for transport injuries, and by 47·7% (from 15·9 to 8·3 per 100 000) for unintentional injuries. However, in low-SDI nations the absolute number of deaths increased (by 80·5% to 42 774 for transport injuries and by 39·4% to 31 961 for unintentional injuries). In the high-SDI quintile in 2010–19, the rate per 100 000 of transport injury DALYs was reduced by 16·7%, from 838 in 2010 to 699 in 2019. This was a substantially slower pace of reduction compared with the 48·5% reduction between 1990 and 2010, from 1626 per 100 000 in 1990 to 838 per 100 000 in 2010. Between 2010 and 2019, the rate of unintentional injury DALYs per 100 000 also remained largely unchanged in high-SDI countries (555 in 2010 vs 554 in 2019; 0·2% reduction). The number and rate of adolescent deaths and DALYs owing to environmental heat and cold exposure increased for the high-SDI quintile during 2010–19. Interpretation: As other causes of mortality are addressed, inadequate progress in reducing transport and unintentional injury mortality as a proportion of adolescent deaths becomes apparent. The relative shift in the burden of injury from high-SDI countries to low and low–middle-SDI countries necessitates focused action, including global donor, government, and industry investment in injury prevention. The persisting burden of DALYs related to transport and unintentional injuries indicates a need to prioritise innovative measures for the primary prevention of adolescent injury. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation