Association of Dyslipidemia with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Objective: to investigate the association of dyslipidemia patterns among newly diagnosed young diabetic patients’ and its role in cardiovascular diseases.Study Design: Cross sectional study.Place and Duration: Study was conducted at medical unit, Service Hospital Lahore and Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur. Duration of study was February 2017 to February 2018.Methodology: All the patients were adult who were diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus. Data collection was done via non probability consecutive sampling included patients. Main outcome variables are cholesterol level, HDL, LDL and triglycerides. SPSS version 24 was used to analyze data. P value ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Triglycerideswas noted as less than 180 mg/dl in 9.7% patients and more than 180 mg/dl in 90.3% patients. LDL was noted as less than 180 mg/dl in 41.9% patients and more than 180 mg/dl in 58.1% patients. HDL (males) was observed as more than 35 mg/dl in 21% patients and less than 35 mg/dl in 79% patients. Similarly 61.3% controls having <200mg/100ml cholesterol and 38.7% having >200mg/100ml cholesterol.Conclusion: Results of our study reveal that dyslipidemia is a known risk factor for causing cardiovascular diseases among diabetic patients; it should be addressed and managed accordingly at the onset of diabetes. Aggressive management of dyslipidemia reduced the risk of cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients. Keywords: Dyslipidemia, Diabetes Mellitus, low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins, insulin

The Effectiveness of the B-Lynch Uterine Compression Sutures for Treating the Uncontrollable Postpartum Hemorrhage Following Cesarean Section

Objective: To find out the safety and efficacy of B-Lynch suturing technique in controlling of massive intractable postpartum hemorrhage.Study Design: A prospective case controlled study.Place and Duration of Study: Gynecology Department of Services Hospital Lahore and Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur from June 2017 to June 2018.Methodology: Forty two patients were selected by nonprobability consecutive sampling technique. Age of the patient, gestational age, parity, cesarean section (elective/emergency) and preoperative Hb were compared between two groups as baseline data. Outcome data included blood lost, pints of packed red cells transfused, days of hospital stay and postoperative Hb. Data was put in SPSS v.23 and analyzed by applying Chi-square test, Mann Whitney U-test and student’s t-test, where appropriate. P-value more than 0.05 was considered insignificant.Results: The difference of age, gestational age, preoperative Hb, parity and the type of cesarean section was not statistically significant (p-value 0.270, 0.220, 0.184, 0.620 and 0.289, respectively). The difference in loss of blood, number of packed RBCs units transfused, number of days of hospital stay and hysterectomy was significantly more in Group O as compared to Group B (p-value being 0.037, 0.045, 0.018 and 0.030 respectively). Postoperative Hb was significantly lower in group O (p<0.001).Conclusion: The method of B-Lynch suture is simple, fast, effective and safe with no apparent adverse effects. This should be made available even in the settings of low resources and all the training centers around the country. Keywords: Postpartum hemorrhage, cesarean section, B-Lynch suture

Minor Oral Surgery with Out Stopping the Daily Low Dose of Aspirin Therapy

OBJECTIVES Patients with the low-dose long-term aspirin regime have a severe risk of excessive bleeding during surgery, placing them at risk of "adverse thrombotic events". This study aims to evaluate the bleeding in patients undergoing minor oral surgery procedures without stopping daily low-dose aspirin therapy. METHODOLOGY A descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based investigation involved the patient with minor oral surgery at "Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan" from mid-April 2021 to mid-June 2021, who were between the age group 30 to 75 with a low-dose aspirin regime. The data was collected via a questionnaire to record the variables, i.e. duration of aspirin, postoperative medications, platelets count, clotting time, normal bleeding time, and intraoperative bleeding time.  RESULTS 51 patients, of which 32 were males while 19, were females. The normal bleeding time was comparatively analyzed with the intraoperative bleeding time using SPSS statistical software version 22. The results revealed that the mean bleeding time for the patients with a low-dose aspirin regime during minor oral surgery was 5.49 ± 1.07, while for the patients with a stopped aspirin dose was 4.57 ± 1.07. The comparative analysis using a t-test doesn't reveal significant statistical differences of p<0.05 between both groups. CONCLUSION We concluded that minor oral surgical procedures could safely be done without altering or stopping the low-dose, long-term aspirin regime.

Prevalence of Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases in Patients Visiting the Dental Outpatient Department of Sindh, Pakistan

OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to evaluate the awareness of oral health workers in identifying the prevalence of oral manifestations of systemic diseases in patients visiting the Dental Out-Patient Department of Sindh, Pakistan. METHODOLOGY A descriptive, cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan, from October to December 2021. The study was conducted in various institutes from all over Sindh, Pakistan. An online, well-structured questionnaire was designed using Google Forms and distributed to the participants through social media platforms in the dental community. Using the Open-Epi software regarding a parent article, the sample size of this study was calculated. Keeping the confidence interval at 95% and the desired percentile at 50, the total sample size was calculated to be 100. Around 175 questionnaires were given out to the candidates. RESULTSThe results showed that  81% male and 19% female participated, including 45% postgraduate trainees, 30% house officers, and 25% general dentists. 80% detected 2-3 systemic diseases in a patient, with 75% observing oral manifestations preceding systemic illness diagnosis. The majority favoured treating underlying ailments (75%), and prevalent conditions included hypertension (90%), diabetes (80%), anaemia (75%), and lichen planus (40.7%). CONCLUSION Oral health workers play a vital role in the initial and early identification and multidisciplinary medical management of various systemic diseases. A coordinated approach between physicians and dentists in diagnosing and managing these conditions is necessary to achieve optimal clinical outcomes

Phytochemicals in Daucus carota and their health benefits-Review article

Carrots are a multi-nutritional food source. They are an important root vegetable, rich in natural bioactive compounds, which are recognised for their nutraceutical effects and health benefits. This review summarises the occurrence, biosynthesis, factors affecting concentration, and health benefits of phytochemicals found in Daucus carota. Two hundred and fifty-five articles including original research papers, books, and book chapters were analysed, of which one hundred and thirty articles (most relevant to the topic) were selected for writing the review article. The four types of phytochemicals found in carrots, namely phenolics, carotenoids, polyacetylenes, and ascorbic acid, were summarised. These chemicals aid in the risk reduction of cancer and cardiovascular diseases due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, plasma lipid modification, and anti-tumour properties. Numerous factors influence the amount and type of phytochemicals present in carrots. Genotype (colour differences) plays an important role; high contents of a and ß-carotene are present in orange carrots, lutein in yellow carrots, lycopene in red carrots, anthocyanins in the root of purple carrots, and phenolic compounds abound in black carrots. Carotenoids range between 3.2 mg/kg and 170 mg/kg, while vitamin C varies from 21 mg/kg to 775 mg/kg between cultivars. Growth temperatures of carrots influence the level of the sugars, carotenoids, and volatile compounds, so that growing in cool conditions results in a higher yield and quality of carrots, while higher temperatures would increase terpene synthesis, resulting in carrots with a bitter taste. It is worthwhile to investigate the cultivation of different genotypes under various environmental conditions to increase levels of phytochemicals and enhance the nutritional value of carrot, along with the valorisation of carrot by-products

Environmental Impact of ICT on Disaggregated Energy Consumption in China: A Threshold Regression Analysis

Due to resource scarcity, high energy demand, and environmental degradation, China’s rapid economic growth over the past three decades has been accompanied by certain serious issues that require quick attention. The excessive use of fossil fuels worsens the ecosystem and raises the level of carbon in the atmosphere. However, the use of ICT has affected the behavior of energy use in various sectors differently. Although ICT-induced activities, on one hand, may affect the environment positively by reducing energy consumption, on the other hand, they may affect the environment adversely by causing an energy rebound effect. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the nonlinear impact of ICT on the environmental effects of energy consumption in the residential, transport, and industrial sectors in China. The study used threshold regression for empirical analysis by employing data for the period from 1990 to 2021. ICT is used as a threshold variable, while energy consumption in the residential, industrial, and transport sectors is used as a regime-dependent variable. Based on the findings, we deduce that the use of ICT asymmetrically affects sectoral energy consumption and the empirical result varies across sectors. Based on the results, we recommend that the possibility of rebound effects should be given more attention in the development of policies regarding the digitalization of the sectors

Study of Urban Heat Island of Karachi by Using Finite Volume Mesoscale Model

International audienc

Mediating effect of customers' trust between the association of corporate social responsibility and customers' loyalty

Corporate social responsibility plays a significant role in getting sustainable edge over competitors, gaining profits and enhancing business affairs with customers. The purpose of the study is to analyze the perception of consumers regarding the CSR and its impact on customers' loyalty while trust mediates the link in the telecom context of Pakistan. The adopted questionnaire circulated among customers' of different telecom companies through non probability sampling technique. The model was validated by confirmatory factor analysis through AMOS and hypotheses were investigated via path analysis. Findings revealed that CSR has a positive impact on customers' loyalty and confirmed the mediating impact of trust between the association of CSR and customers' loyalty. The current study provides literature regarding CSR, customer's loyalty and trust that would be very useful for the marketing personnel of telecom companies in enhancing customers' loyalty and trust by improving CSR practices. Additionally, the findings confirm the role of customers' trust as a mediator between the link of CSR and customers' loyalty. This study has also interesting implications for management of telecom companies in suggesting ways to enhance loyalty through corporate social responsibility

The mediating role of absorptive capacity in the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational innovation in higher education institutes Punjab, Pakistan

This study aims to investigate the mediating role of absorptive capacity (ACAP) between intellectual capital (IC) and organizational innovation in the context of Higher education institutions (HEI) of Punjab Pakistan. This study used a structured questionnaire to collect the data from employees of HEI Pakistan. This study usesa covariance-based structural equation modeling technique (CB-SEM) for data analysis through AMOSE software. This study performed CB-SEM in two steps; confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and SEM analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis ensures the reliability and validity of the construct while SEM analysis was used to test the modeled hypothesis. The study found that IC has a significant positive relationship with ACAP and organizationalinnovation. ACAP has a significant and positive relationship with organizational innovation and also plays a mediating role between IC and organizational innovation. The study will help the HEIs of Pakistan to boost innovation activities more effectively in order to improve their innovations performance. This study enriches the theoretical literature of IC by using five dimensions, human, social, structural, relational and spiritual capital, of IC and by suggesting a new path for organizational innovations. Moreover, a few studies investigated a relationship between IC and organizational innovation with the mediating role of absorptive capacity; however, in HEIs Pakistan context, no study exists. This study can be reproduced in another sector like information and communication technology and the banking sector

Spatial Variability of Urban Heat Island of Sargodha City in Pakistan

Sargodha is one of the most important cities of Pakistan. Located in the center of Pakistan, it is the hub of the Pakistan Air Force. Rapid urbanization in the city has caused it to expand it farther from its center. Sargodha is 11th most populated metropolitan city in Pakistan. Currently, it has 0.7 million population and covers an area of 52 km2. The objective of this study was to measure the spatial variability of urban heat island (UHI) in different areas of the city in comparison with the temperature of the urban center. The meteorological data was measured by installing digital weather stations at four sites, 3 within the city by considering the areas as urban highly dense, urban less dense and urban periphery and one at rural site almost 10 km away from the city center. The result highlighted that difference in temperature between urban densely built area and rural site was highest. The difference in temperature increased as one moved away from the city center where urban areas were found warmer than the sites comparatively away from the city center. It was observed that the UHI intensity is not same in different areas of the city. The highest intensity of UHI is observed on Sunday where it was measured 5.7 °C