The Impacts of Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment: A Survey of Teachers in Gomal University, D. I. Khan (KPK) Pakistan

The present study focuses on the impact of job satisfaction on organizational commitment. This study is a struggle in line with the researcher of the world which focus on the different predictors such as work, pay, supervision, promotion, co-worker and work-environment and their effect on the organizational commitment and overall satisfaction of teachers in Gomal university dera Ismail khan. The main objectives of the study were to explore the levels of job satisfaction and organizational commitment among the employees of a public sector organization (Gomal University, DIK) with a view to analyze the impacts of employees’ satisfaction on their commitment to their work. The research hypotheses that the Independents are highly correlated with Overall Satisfaction & Organizational Commitment, the Predictors Determine Overall Satisfaction (OS) and the Predictors Explain the Organizational Commitment (OC) were tested. The population of this study consists of all the Academicians in Gomal University, DIK, and K.P.K. A sample of 124 respondents was selected using stratified sampling from the groups of professors, associate professors, assistant professors and lecturers. The regression was used for data analysis. The result shows that the correlation between the predictors (work, pay, supervision, promotion, coworker, work environment & overall satisfaction) and criterion variables (Overall Satisfaction & Organizational Commitment) are highly significant and the Predictors Determine Overall Satisfaction (OS) and also the Predictors Explain the Organizational Commitment

Hand Hygiene Practices among Healthcare Professionals based on Theory of Planned Behaviour during Corona Pandemic in Pakistan.

Introduction: In the time of novel corona virus pandemic, the improper hygiene practices have significantly associated with high incidence rate of this dreadful disease spread. Theory of planned behavior is the best cognitive model to understand healthcare professional’s adherence toward hand hygiene practices. Objective: To evaluate the awareness, professional attitude and practices of health care professionals in relation to theory of planned behaviour during COVID-19.Methodology: We studied health care professionals visiting a health care facility. Systematic random sampling method was adapted for data collection with 384 sample size. Awareness, professional attitudes and practices were calculated and using theory of planned behavior, behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs and control beliefs were accessed. Results: In term of awareness and practices more than 70% of professionals were more prospective to follow hygiene of hands. However, using theory of planned behavior 70.1% of healthcare professionals were more into following hand hygiene practices but insisted to be more followed by their seniors and management.Conclusion: During COVID-19 pandemic, behavioral beliefs are strongly responsible to develop adherence toward hygiene, but such compliance is more motivated by peers, disease outbreak and self-efficacy rather than effect of hygiene itself. Awareness through workshops could be helpful to increase likelihood of compliance of hand washing practices. Keywords: Hand hygiene, normative beliefs, behavioral beliefs, control beliefs, COVID-19

Impact of Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) on Pakistan (The Case of KSE 100 Index)

In this paper the estimated return on stock model i.e. Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is employed in order to get information whether it better estimates the return on stock in Pakistani capital market. For this purpose time series monthly data from secondary sources for a period of 2003 to 2007 has been taken.  CAPM were tested for the five sizes and book to market portfolios from Karachi Stock Exchange. Pakistan T-bill rate is taken as risk free rate. However basic problem with (CAPM) was predictive power and Robustness of results. For this purpose capital asset pricing model was applied. Dependent variable portfolio represented by . The excessive return shows the return above that of the risk free rate  that is required by the investor for taking additional risk. While independent variables were market risk premium. Research Findings show that CAPM better estimates the return in Pakistani capital market. In case of CAPM, it was able to show the existence of risk premium as the only factor affecting the stock return. Key Words: CAPM, Market portfolio, KSE, Risk Premiumii

A Comparative Analysis on Handling Big Data Using Cloud Services

In this era of technology, a lot of advancements have been done in almost every field such as medical, science, aerospace and other fields. With the increasing advancements in technology, a lot of data is being produced at the same time. For instances in the field of medicine there is a huge amount of data that is being generated as there are hundreds and thousands of patients who came for their checkup. So now the question arises where this huge amount of data is being stored. This huge amount of data is called as Big Data. And the major problem faced is how to manage and organize this huge amount of data along with its security and not being lost. Big data is used for extracting a lot of useful information but it is not easy to organize it. If the data is being lost than there are a lot of problems that can occur on a huge level as a lot of data being stored in big data is very confidential. This data can be stored on cloud which is the new advancement in the field of technology as it is highly reliable for huge amount of information. So, in this survey paper we will discuss about the solutions of organizing and handling big data proposed by different authors

Leadership Styles, Turnover Intentions and the Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment

The aim of this research article is to investigate the association between leadership styles, organizational commitment and turnover intentions. In particular, this study focuses on the mediation effect of organizational commitment on the association between styles of leadership and turnover intentions. One hundred and seventy (170) questionnaires were distributed and one hundred and twenty one (121) questionnaires were returned, indicating a response rate of 71.2%. A non-probability convenience sampling technique was used to collect data. The population of this study consists of the insurance sector of Pakistan. Employees working at different hierarchal level were targeted, comprising non-managerial and managerial levels including upper, middle, and lower level management. The data were analyzed by using statistical package of SPSS 20th version. It was found that there is negative insignificant association between turnover intentions and transactional and transformational leadership styles. Also, organizational commitment mediated the association between styles of leadership and turnover intentions. Managers should be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of different leadership styles as these may affect organizational commitment of subordinates and eventually, positive or negative effect on turnover intentions. Keywords: Styles of Leadership, Employee Turnover Intentions, Organizational Commitment, Insurance Companies, Pakistan

Stock Market Reaction to Political Events (Evidence from Pakistan)

This study examines the impact of events of different nature like: political, natural calamities and terrorism on the share prices of the financial sector of Pakistan. A sample of 14 companies are selected randomly from the financial sector (Insurance and Banking) listed on the KSE-100 index. The time span is of four years i-e 2007-10. The data is analyzed through paired samples t-test statistics. The results indicate that events have significant impact on the stock prices and prices behave negatively when a major event emerges on national or international front. A joint effort is required from different individuals, stake holders, regulators, economists, investors, government and foreign officials to secure the effectiveness of the financial market in Pakistan from the curse of political pressure, terrorists and suicidal bombing which in return help in the prosperity of the country. To encourage and motivate the investors both domestically or internationally the governance system in country should be fair and transparent and secure environment would increase the morale of the investors. Keywords: Paired sample t-test statistics; Events study Method Approach, Stock Price

Impact of Leadership Styles on Organizational Commitment in Pharmaceutical Companies of Pakistan

The basic aim of this research is to examine the association between Styles of leadership (servant leadership and transformational leadership) and organizational commitment. Two hundred (200) questionnaires were distributed and 133 questionnaires were received back depicts 66.5% reply rate. A non-probability convenience sampling technique was used to collect data. This study is limited to the pharmaceutical companies working in Pakistan, and the respondents are employees of pharmaceutical companies working at different hierarchical level of management. Questionnaires were distributed randomly to local and MNC’s pharmaceutical companies. This study used multiple regression models for testing hypotheses. It was found that there is no significant relationship between servant leadership and organizational commitment whereas transformational leadership has significant direct association with organizational commitment. This study has practical implications for management to enhance employees concerns and improve ethical behavior. Moreover management must know that their management style have significant impact on employee’s performance that is associated with firm’s financial performance. Keywords: Servant leadership, Transformational leadership, Organizational commitment, Pharmaceutical companie

Gender Stereotypes and Teachers Perceptions (The Case of Pakistan)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the attitude and perception of university teachers towards students’ gender role. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to engender the responses from 155 university teachers of private  and public sector  universities in Pakistan and responses were analyzed according to gender and education in order to find out that why they show biasness towards male and female students and how gender-stereotype is played out by teachers in the classroom. In this paper we will also analyze that how these demographic independent variables effects the belief and perception of teachers regarding students’ gender role. Results indicate that teachers have different behavior towards male and female students and it is due to teacher’s perceptions and attitude toward their students’ gender role. Result shows that discrimination by teachers towards the students’ gender role in public and private sector universities as well as age, qualification, designation, language, marital status and ownership have significant relationship with students’ gender biasness. This relationship has not been investigated in Pakistan before so our study is with the purpose to empirically get an insight to Pakistan. As teacher gender role stereotyping is the most considerable factor in educational differences of gender but there are few studies focusing on it. It is agreed that teachers have the greatest influence on educational stereotypes so; our study is part of the minority effort to deal with this problem. Keywords: Teachers ‘Demographics, Gender Stereotypes, Teachers' Perceptions and Belief, Students' Gender Roles; Pakistan