Antibiotic resistance pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from nosocomial infections in Aleshtar hospital, Lorestan province

Introduction: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of Klebsiella species. K. pneumoniae is one of the most important bacteria causing nosocomial infections. This bacterium threatens public health and leads to increased hospital costs and mortality rate. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance in K. pneumoniae in nosocomial infections.Methods: This study was performed on 51 samples of Klebsiella isolates from 500 patients in three units of Aleshtar hospital in 9 months. The antibiotic resistance of K. pneumoniae to 18 antibiotics was performed by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method.Results: The frequency of K. pneumonia among 500 samples was determined 51 cases (10.2%). The largest number of K. pneumoniae was isolated from the infectious unit (49.02%). The frequency of K. pneumoniae based on the source of infection for urine was 22 cases (43.14%), sputum 17 (33.33%), stool 6 (11.77%), wound 4 (7.84%), blood 2 (3.92%), and cerebrospinal fluid 0 (0%), respectively. K. pneumoniae resistance to antibiotics included: ceftriaxone (94.12%), ciprofloxacin (90.20%), ofloxacin (86.27%), cefotaxime (78.43%), nalidixic acid (58.82%), nitrofurantoin (56.86%), aztreonam (54.90%), ampicillin/sulbactam (50.98% ), ticarcillin (45.09%), cefepime (43.14%), colistin (43.14%), gentamicin (41.18%), azithromycin (41.18%), polymyxin B (39.22%), piperacillin/tazobactam (19.61%), amikacin ( 15.69%), imipenem (5.88%), and meropenem (3.92%).Conclusion: Meropenem and imipenem with the lowest resistance were the most effective antibiotics against K .pneumoniae. Ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin antibiotic had the lowest effect on the treatment of K. pneumoniae

Association between the presence of Mycoplasma spp. and male infertility

While male infertility has been associated with Mycoplasma infections, few studies have investigated the association between Mycoplasma infection and male infertility. Therefore, this study aimed at addressing this issue. Semen samples were collected from 136 patients (68 infertile men and 68 fertile men) in the Central Laboratory of Yazd, Iran. Of semen samples collected from 68 infertile and 68 fertile men, 13 (19.12%) and 2 (2.94%) cases were positive for Mycoplasma spp. using PCR, respectively. Among Mycoplasma-infected infertile men, 10 and 6 men showed abnormal sperm morphology and motility, respectively. None of the positive samples for Mycoplasma spp. was positive for M. hominis and one of the positive samples for Mycoplasma spp. belonged to Mycoplasma hyorhinis (strain NBRC 14858). The presence of Mycoplasma spp. was significantly higher in infertile men (p = .003). Mycoplasma infection was relatively high in infertile men. The surprising issue was the absence of M. hominis and the presence of M. hyorhinis strain NBRC 14858 in the semen of infertile men. Therefore, investigating reproductive tract infections caused by other Mycoplasma spp. should be taken into consideration in male infertility.Impact statement What is already known on this subject? Mycoplasma hyorhinis has been mostly reported as a cause of animal respiratory tract infections and the development of various cancers. Information on the association of M. hyorhinis with male infertility is not yet available. What do the results of this study add? This study shows that the presence of M. hyorhinis in the semen of infertile men may be associated with infertility. This study shows that the investigation of unpredictable species of genus Mycoplasma such as M. hyorhinis in the semen of infertile men is essential. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The results of the present study indicate that in addition to M. genitalium and M. hominis, studies on the role of M. hyorhinis in reproductive tract infections and infertility should be expanded

Serological investigation on the incidence of Leptospira serovars among rice farmers in Veysian, Lorestan province

Background: Leptospira is belonged to phylum spirochaetes, which causes leptospirosis disease. Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with highly variable symptoms. The purpose of the study was to determine the serological incidence of Leptospira serovars among rice farmers in Veysian, Lorestan province. Materials and Methods: 200 rice farmers of Veysian were sampled (blood sample) clinically in 2014. Blood samples were transfered to the laboratory. The sera were transferred to -20° C until performance of MAT test. The serum samples were examined by the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) method. The final dilution of leptospiral infection was determined by 1:200, 1:400 and 1:800 dilutions. Results: 60 serum samples (30%) out of 200 samples were positive in 1:100 dilution. 38 (63.33%) L. grippotyphosa and 22 (36.67%) L.canicola antigens reacted positively . The infection rate was 65% for males and 35% for females. P value according to gender was 0.02. There is a significant correlation between leptospiral infection and gender based on statistical analysis. The highest and the lowest frequency of positive samples were related to age group over 50 and 21-30 years groups, respectively. Conclusion: Leptospirosis is a common disease among rice farmers, and in Veysian according to the rice farms, and planting and harvesting which are in traditional way is introduced as an impotant infectious disease; therefore to prevent the spread of this disease, health and safty should be developed. Also, using mechanized methods of farming, planting and harvesting, leptospirosis can be prevented largely in the region