The tinctorial stability of carthamin on polysaccharides and related substances

Various saccharides and related substances were mixed with carthamin in aqueous solutions and their effects on red colour stability compared. At a low temperature range (5 °C), mono- and disaccharides contributed to preservation of the carthamin red colouration. No mono- and disaccharides could relieve carthamin from being bleached at a high temperature (30 °C). Among polysaccharides and their derivates (tested at 30 °C for 24 h in the dark), Avicel cellulose was most effective for the retention of the red colour of carthamin (52 %). Chitin was also promising (41 %). CM-Cellulose, Sephadex G-15 and starch followed this (25, 17 and 13 %, respectively). The effects of alginic acid, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, agar and xylan were still further reduced (11, 8, 8, 7, and 5 % respectively). The adsorption of carthamin towards filter papers was investigated as a function of temperature, pH, buffer concentration and buffer types. To adsorb the red dye effectively, low temperature and high pH were found to be preferable. Buffer types were also contributive. Carthamin adsorption in citrate buffer at pH 4.5 with four different molar concentrations was not significant (24.7 -20.9 %), if compared with data without any buffer added (20.8 %). FT IR spectrometric analyses of carthamin adsorbed cellulose indicated that hydrogen bonding was involved in the carthamin/cellulose interaction. Based on the data, a hypothetical scheme to characterize a stable binding formation between carthamin and cellulose called the SAITO EFFECT was proposed

Djelovanje karboksilnih kiselina na crveno obojenje cvjetova žutinice

Eight carboxylic acids were fed at 1-10000 pM to the flower pastes from fresh dyer’s saffron (Carthamus tinctorius L.) capitula and their effects on the red colouration investigated. Glyoxyllic acid, glycolic acid, oxaloacetic acid, 2-oxoglutaric acid and gluconic acid were found to be positive stimulators for the reaction, while succinic acid, malic acid and citric acid inhibited the colour change.Svojim ranijim istraživanjima autori su pokazali da usitnjeni cvjetovi žutinice (Carthamus tinctorius L.) poprime crvenu boju ako na njih djeluju otopine aminokiselina. Učinkovitost pojedine aminokiseline ovisi o tipu: kisele amino- kiseline bile su najučinkovitije, neutralne nešto manje, one s aromatičnim skupinama ili skupinama sa sumporom još manje, dok su bazične aminokiseline bile najmanje učinkovite. Za objašnjenje ovih rezultata bilo je potrebno da se ustanove još drugi metaboliti koji biokatalitički utječu na promjenu boje cvjetova. U ovom prilogu autori objavljuju podatke o promjenama boje nakon primjene karboksilnih kiselina. U tu svrhu istražili su djelovanje osam karboksilnih kiselina u koncentracijama od 1 - 10000 pM na kašu od zdrobljenih cvjetova žutinice (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Postignuti rezultati su pokazali da glioksilna, glikolna, oksalooc- tena, 2-oksoglutarna i glukonska kiselina pospješuju reakciju stvaranja crvenog bojila, dok jantarna, jabučna i limunska kiselina tu reakciju inhibiraju. U radu se navode točni podaci o materijalu, metodama rada i rezultatima koji su prikazani u preglednoj tabeli. Rezultate autori kratko komentiraju uz razmišljanja da bi kemijske strukture karboksilnih kiselina mogle biti uže povezane s procesima promjene bojila, iako je sam mehanizam reakcije zasad još nepoznat

Reduction of T-Box 15 gene expression in tumor tissue is a prognostic biomarker for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Genome-wide analysis is widely applied to detect molecular alterations during oncogenesis and tumor progression. We analyzed DNA methylation profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and investigated the clinical role of most heypermethylated of tumor, encodes T-box 15 (TBX15), which was originally involved in mesodermal differentiation. We conducted a genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation of tumor and non-tumor tissue of 15 patients with HCC, and revealed TBX15 was the most hypermethylated gene of tumor (Beta-value in tumor tissue = 0.52 compared with non-tumor tissue). Another validation set, which comprised 58 HCC with radical resection, was analyzed to investigate the relationships between tumor phenotype and TBX15 mRNA expression. TBX15 mRNA levels in tumor tissues were significantly lower compared with those of nontumor tissues (p < 0.0001). When we assigned a cutoff value = 0.5-fold, the overall survival 5-year survival rates of the low-expression group (n = 17) were significantly shorter compared with those of the high-expression group (n = 41) (43.3% vs. 86.2%, p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified low TBX15 expression as an independent prognostic factor for overall and disease-free survival. Therefore, genome-wide DNA methylation profiling indicates that hypermethylation and reduced expression of TBX15 in tumor tissue represents a potential biomarker for predicting poor survival of patients with HCC

Efficacy of glutathione for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an open-label, single-arm, multicenter, pilot study

Background: Glutathione plays crucial roles in the detoxification and antioxidant systems of cells and has been used to treat acute poisoning and chronic liver diseases by intravenous injection. This is a first study examining the therapeutic effects of oral administration of glutathione in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: The study was an open label, single arm, multicenter, pilot trial. Thirty-four NAFLD patients diagnosed using ultrasonography were prospectively evaluated. All patients first underwent intervention to improve their lifestyle habits (diet and exercise) for 3 months, followed by treatment with glutathione (300 mg/day) for 4 months. We evaluated their clinical parameters before and after glutathione treatment. We also quantified liver fat and fibrosis using vibration-controlled transient elastography. The primary outcome of the study was the change in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Results: Twenty-nine patients finished the protocol. ALT levels significantly decreased following treatment with glutathione for 4 months. In addition, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, and ferritin levels also decreased with glutathione treatment. Following dichotomization of ALT responders based on a median 12.9% decrease from baseline, we found that ALT responders were younger in age and did not have severe diabetes compared with ALT non-responders. The controlled attenuation parameter also decreased in ALT responders. Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrates the potential therapeutic effects of oral administration of glutathione in practical dose for patients with NAFLD. Large-scale clinical trials are needed to verify its efficacy. Trial registration: UMIN000011118 (date of registration: July 4, 2013)

How the ICT-based sports event medical support system should work

J-GLOBAL ID : 201801004125962614J-GLOBAL ID : 201401034774114335J-GLOBAL ID : 202101013440234133J-GLOBAL ID : 202101015743947933J-GLOBAL ID : 201801004108300802J-GLOBAL ID : 202101008226021536J-GLOBAL ID : 202301018664096654J-GLOBAL ID : 2009010681396045731520860078891755008application/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape

Influence of sugars on the reddening of triturated florets of dyer's saffron flowers

Pentoses, hexoses and disaccharides were administered to the triturated florets of dyer's saffon (Carthamus tinctorius) and their effects on enzyme-catalyzed floret reddening examined spectrophotometically. Among the sugars tested, hexoses promoted reddening most prominently. On average, a 4.2-fold increase in the certhamin content was observed when hexoses were added to the crushed materials. Disaccharides followed these. Upon incubation of the triturated tissues with 10 mM sugars, the pigment producing activity was raised to 3.4-fold or more. Pentoses were also potent stimulators, although their efficiencies were somewhat lower (3.2-fold). On the whole, D-forms were more stimulative than L-forms (D-forms - 3.6-fold, L-form -2.8-fold). Based on these comparisons, we concluded that sugars play a role in floret reddening through interaction with endogenous precarthamin-oxidizing enzyme(s) in the floral tissues of the garden plant