Closed Superstrings in a Uniform Magnetic Field and Regularization Criterion

We summarize exact solutions of closed superstrings in a constant magnetic field, from a view point of the regularization criterion. Some models will be excluded according to this criterion. The spectrum-generating algebra is also constructed in these interacting models.Comment: 13 pages, No figure

NS Open Strings with B Field and Their Interactions with NS Closed Strings

We consider interactions of a NS open string with first important states of a NS closed string, i.e., a closed-string tachyon and a graviton, where both ends of the NS open string are attached on a D-brane, and a constant background B field is lying along directions parallel to the D-brane world volume. Contrary to general expectations, there are no constraints on these vertex operators coming from the B field. However, we point out that these vertex operators have singularities at both ends of the NS open string when external momenta take some values. These kinds of singularities essentially come from the Dirichlet boundary conditions along directions transverse to the D-brane world volume.Comment: LaTex, 10 pages, no figure

Constrained Quantization of Charged Strings in Background B Field and g-Factors

The Dirac quantization is performed for the constrained system of the open string with different charges located at both ends in the constant background B field. Noncommutativity reveals to commutators [X, X], [P, P] and also [X,P] at both ends of the string. We consider a dependence on the change of the "cyclotron frequency" of the charged string. The g-factor of the charged string is also calculated in the framework of our formulation.Comment: 21 pages, no figures, LaTe

Brans-Dicke Theory on M4×Z2M_4\times Z_2 Geometry

The gauge theory on $M_4\times Z_2$ geometry is applied to the Brans-Dicke(BD) theory, where $M_4$ is the four dimensional space-time and $Z_2$ is a discrete space with two points. This approach had been previously proposed by Konisi and Saito without recourse to noncommutative geometry(NCG). Since our approach is geometrically simpler and clearer than NCG, one can see more directly the effect of the $Z_2$ space in obtaining the BD theory.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX fil

Anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, using CT-based navigation and fiducial markers

Accurate placement of separate anteromedial and posterolateral bundle bone tunnels is crucial for anatomic, double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, identifying the anatomic footprint at which to make the tibial and femoral bone tunnels is not a straightforward procedure. To overcome this problem, we used a CT-based navigation technique with a registration procedure based on fiducial markers (FMs). Preoperatively, 10 FM points were placed on skin around knee joint and scanned with CT. Imaging data of the knee were recorded on the computer system for preoperative registration and surgical planning. Intraoperatively, with a reference frame fixed to the distal medial aspect of femur and tibia, paired-point matching registration was performed with the use of points marked on skin through FM center holes. During tibial tunnel guide wire placement, tibial aiming guide with tracking device fed back the position of tip and direction of the guide wire on the three-dimensional (3D) tibia bone surface image and multiple image planes in real time. For the femoral side, the navigation pointer was placed at the footprint center with visual guidance of 3D image of lateral wall sagittal view on navigation monitor and marked with navigation awl. The average registration accuracy of 22 consecutive patients was 0.7 +/- A 0.2 mm and 0.6 +/- A 0.2 mm for femoral and tibial bone, respectively. Most of the bone tunnel positions evaluated with 3D-CT image were confirmed to be accurately placed in reference to the preoperative plan. There was no damage to femoral condyle cartilage and no other complication. This new CT-based computer navigation system opens the possibility for surgeons to plan bone tunnel positioning preoperatively and control it during technically demanding anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction.ArticleKNEE SURGERY SPORTS TRAUMATOLOGY ARTHROSCOPY. 19(3):378-383 (2011)journal articl