Environmental policies relating to the use of pesticides: proximities and innovations (In French)

The aim of this paper is to question the cognitive capitalism hypothesis: are the major transformations of the wage labour nexus and regime of accumulation, created a new capitalism era? A positive answer to this question then relegates to a second rank the thesis of financial capitalism. For this last thesis, the financialisation of accumulation deeply transforms the firms. This paper develops this second point of view. Our conclusion is disappointing for the cognitive capitalism hypothesis. If the production of knowledge is important for the accumulation, nevertheless this production of knowledge is subordinated to the view of global finance. Indeed, it’s this global finance who decides which are new profitable activities.Collective action, Environmental technologies, Technology diffusion, Geographical proximity, organized proximity, vine growing.

Environmental questions within Bordeaux area wine growing (In French)

Today, environment is the wine growing main “focusing problem” because it questions the dynamics of its activities. Evolutionism allows an appraisal of this dynamics in a specific perspective aiming the integration of environmental innovations into technological trajectories. Starting from the hypothesis that innovations are realized in a selective, finalized and cumulative path, the present paper tries to characterize environmental trajectories by focusing on the innovative behavior of Bordeaux area wine growers. On the basis of the results of a questionnaire interviewing these actors, the paper shows that the main environmental question relates to the uses of pesticides, wine growing being strongly dependent on the diffusion and uses of these products. In the same time, this survey points that regulation and economic incentives do not lead to sufficient changes, as environmental innovations suppose a change in the wine growers knowledge base.Environment, Knowledge base, Innovations, Pesticides, Reasoned agriculture, Wine growing, Technological trajectories

Les politiques environnementales relatives à l'utilisation des produits phytosanitaires : proximités et innovations.

Cahier du Gres, n°2006-0

Jardins familiaux, jardins partagés à Bordeaux entre alimentation et multifonctionnalités

This article first of all presents the evolution of collective gardens in Bordeaux and its metropolitan area from the nineteenth century up to the present day. In a second part, there is an examination of their typology and of their current functions. The study shows that shared gardens are the most well-established, but that allotment or family gardens still survive under certain conditions. The results of a programme of interviews and a quantitative survey carried out in five collective gardens in Bordeaux show that these gardens bring many benefits apart from merely providing food. Indeed, this food function is no longer predominant and the gardeners themselves usually underline the educational and therapeutic roles of the garden and its contributions to creating social links