Design of Earth Quake Responses Decentralized Controller in Smart Building Systems

Many building systems are known to have complex structure with large dimension variables that characterize its mathematical models. In such case, it is basically desirable to use avoid the use of centralized controller due to the possibility of dimension increase during its implementation. The design of decentralized controller has faced tremendous success especially for large scale systems. The main objective of this book chapter is to design decentralized controller for building system in order to avoid the damages that will be caused by the earth quake responses. This controller is designed to increase the robustness and improve the smart building system responses toward different earth quakes. The optimized behavior of the control system has been analyzed and tested in the framework of the inclusion-contraction of the overlapping decomposition theories. Moreover, the application of this control strategy to smart building system has led to significantly minimize the damages that can be generally caused by the severe earth quakes. Thence, the obtained results have demonstrated the usefulness of the proposed controller for constructing smart cities

3D Geomechanical Model Construction for Wellbore Stability Analysis in Algerian Southeastern Petroleum Field

The main objective of this research work was the wellbore stability evaluation of oil and gas wells based on a 3D geomechanical model, which as constructed using seismic inversion in a southeastern Algerian petroleum field. The seismic inversion model was obtained by using an iterative method and Aki and Richards approximation. Since the correlation between the inversion model and the log data was high at the wells, the reservoir was efficiently characterized and its lithology carefully discriminated in order to build a reliable 3D geomechanical model. The latter was further used to suggest the drilling mud weight window for the ongoing wells (well 5) and to examine the stability of four previously drilled wells. The main contribution of this study is providing a 3D geomechanical model that allows the optimization of drilling mud weight parameters so that a wellbore’s stability is guaranteed, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, so that the reservoir damage brought about by excessive surfactant use can be prevented. Indeed, the mud parameters are not just important for the drilling process’s effectiveness but also for logging operations. Since the tools have limited investigation diameters, with excessive use of surfactant, the invaded zone can become larger than the tools’ investigation diameter, which makes their logs unreliable. Hence, the 3D geomechanical model presented here is highly recommendable for the proposition of new wells, entailing less exploration uncertainty and more controllable productivity