Treatment of industry wastewater using thermo-chemical combined processes with copper salt up to recyclable limit

AbstractSugarcane is valuable crop of India and has a major role in foreign exchange. The aim of research work is to investigate the reduction of chemical oxygen demand and color from sugarcane industry effluent by thermolysis and coagulation method. The complete study was done in batch mode to determine the effect of operating parameters. The result shows maximum 73% of chemical oxygen demand and 76% color removal with copper oxide catalyst at 5kg/m3 massloading, 85°C reacting temperature, 9h treatment time and pH 8. Combined study showed 97.6% chemical oxygen demand and 99.9% color removal at pH 6.5 and mass loading 8mM with copper sulfate salt. The settling and filtration was found to be good at 65°C and 75°C with copper oxide treated sugar industry wastewater

Anthocyanin, Lutein, Polyphenol Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Black, Red and White Pigmented Rice Varieties

Colour rice varieties are rich in antioxidants and functional based properties such as anthocyanin, lutein and phenolic compounds. In this experiment, two of red pigmented (TPS-1and TKM-9), one white (glutinous rice) and black pigmented rice varieties are cultivated from India were analysed to determine their antioxidants and nutrition based functional properties. Based on the result, the anthocyanin content was very high on black rice than other variety contents up to 244.45 mg/100 g. Polyphenol compound were varied significantly within the compared varieties. Highest polyphenol compound content (463.05 mg/100 g) was found in the black rice and also showed rich antioxidant properties. Obviously, black rice rich source of lutein compound was also higher than other varieties where under the experimental condition. DPPH (Determination of 2, 20-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging ability) scavenging capacity starting from 69.46% to 76.4% ranged to level of remain DPPH

Recovery of copper from synthetic solution by efficient technology: Membrane separation with response surface methodology

Heavy metals are toxic in nature as declared by the World Health Organisation. Excess concentration of heavy metals causes harmful affect and alters the physicochemical characteristics of surrounding environmental parameters. Copper is an important heavy metal present in the aquatic environment, including wide industrial applications, and is an essential factor in animal metabolism. To recover and reduce copper concentration from aqueous medium an attempted has been made with membrane technology. In this research work ultra filtration, nano filtration and reserve osmosis have been used. At optimum conditions 4.49 g/L initial concentration, 0.72 m3 /h inlet flow rate, 40 bar working pressure were obtained for maximum recovery (40.977 g/min) of copper at pH 6.8 with reverse osmosis. To achieve this, 27 experimental runs were developed according to central composite design and analysed. The value of R2 > 0.91 for the obtained quadratic model indicates the high correlation between observed or the experimental value of response and response value predicted by the mathematical model. This implies that the experimental data correlated very well with the quadratic model chosen for the analysis

Flower Farms Environmental Performance Evaluation in Ethiopia

Cultivation of cut flowers is a new agricultural sector in Ethiopia, which currently generates a high amount of income for the country's developments. Despite its significant contribution to economic developments; many issues were raised from communities and environmentalists concerning its environmental performance. Based on this issue the study assesses cradle to gate of cut flower production in the Wolmera district. The main objective of the study was environmental performance evaluation of flower farms in Wolmera district, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia related to operational activities throughout entire life cycles of cut flower production. In this study, primary and secondary data were collected using ISO 14031 standard structured with LCA tool methodology. Data were collected by inventory using an on-site data collection system from its sources. Based on data collected GHG (CO2, N2O, CH4 & NH3) emissions to the atmosphere were evaluated by using an inter-governmental panel on climatic changes (IPCC 2006) for inventory data and eutrophication & acidification estimated from data tested at laboratory levels. Similarly, the study also assesses banned chemicals used in the farms through inventory data assessment, and about 156 chemicals applied in the farms were collected to screen out those banned chemicals used and the two most extremely hazardous chemicals (Impulse & Meltatix) banned by WHO identified in the study. As it understood from a general assessment of all flower farms; all of them haven't EIA document established before construction in the district and production started with having less attention for EHPEA code of conducts in the flower farms which faces the environments for high impacts by emission emitted from flower farms in the district as a whole

Treatment of sugar processing industry effluent up to remittance limits: Suitability of hybrid electrode for electrochemical reactor

Sugar industry is an oldest accommodates industry in the world. It required and discharges a large amount of water for processing. Removal of chemical oxygen demand and color through the electrochemical process including hybrid iron and aluminum electrode was examined for the treatment of cane-based sugar industry wastewater. Most favorable condition at pH 6.5, inter-electrode gap 20 mm, current density 156 A m−2, electrolyte concentration 0.5 M and reaction time 120 min, 90% COD and 93.5% color removal was achieved. The sludge generated after treatment has less organic contain, which can be used as manure in agricultural crops. Overall the electrocoagulation was found to be reliable, efficient and economically fit to treat the sugar industry wastewater. • Electrocoagulation method for sugar processing industry wastewater treatment Optimization of operating parameters for maximum efficiency. • Physicochemical analysis of sludge and scum. • Significance of hydride metal electrode for pollutant removal

Chemically synthesized biofuels from agricultural waste: Optimization operating parameters with surface response methodology (CCD)

Bioethanol is one of the most important alternative renewable energy sources that substitute the fossil fuels. Sugarcane bagasse has a content of cellulose and hemicelluloses, which make it suitable as fermentation substrate when hydrolyzed. The objective of work is ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) by the fermentation process. Eight laboratory experiments were conducted to produce bioethanol from sugarcane bagasse. By using Design Expert, it was formulated the dilute acid hydrolysis step to investigate the effects of hydrolysis parameters on a yield of ethanol and optimum condition. All the three hydrolysis parameters were significant variables for the yield of ethanol. The optimum combinations of the three factors maximum ethanol yield were 10.86 ml at 50 g sample, 92.59 °C hydrolysis temperature, 30 min hydrolysis time and 1%v/v acid concentration. From this study following point were concluded: • Lignocellulosic containing material are sustainable for clean energy production • Production of bioethanol from waste sugarcane baggage’s is possible • Operating parameters (time, temperature and acid concentration) can be optimized by surface response methodology. • Process parameters hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation have significant role on bioethanol yield

Treatment of food-agro (sugar) industry wastewater with copper metal and salt: Chemical oxidation and electro-oxidation combined study in batch mode

Sugar industry is one of the major industries which have been included in the polluting industries list by the World Bank. Different pollution monitoring agencies like State and National Pollution Control Boards have been made compulsory for each industry to set up a waste water treatment plants. In treatment system, single treatments of effluent are not effective to manage the dischargeable limit. So an attempted has been made to treat sugar industry wastewater with electrochemical and chemical process by using copper as electrode and chemical. Electrochemical process shows 81% chemical oxygen demand and 83.5% color reduction at pH 6, electrode distance 20 mm, current density 178 A m−2 and 120 min treatment time. The combined treatment results show 98% chemical oxygen demand and 99.5% color removal at 8 mM mass loading and pH 6 with copper sulphate

Significance of fermentation process on biochemical properties of Phaseolus vulgaris (red beans)

Phaseolus vulgaris L. beans have been characterized as a nearly perfect food in all around the world. It is consider functional in terms of providing nutrients and energy to sustain daily life. Red bean contain high protein, mineral, fibres and chemically diverse micronutrient composition, which can be affected by processing. The main aim of this work is to investigate the effect of open and controlled fermentation on the proximate composition, mineral elements, antinutritional factors and flatulence- causing oligosaccharides of a domesticated bean (Anger, conscope and Loko). Open fermentation was done using endogenous microorganism present in the seed of beans, while controlled fermentation was done on autoclaved beans flour inoculated with thermophilic lactic culture which is a mixed strain culture containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus thermophillus. The result shows that the open and controlled fermentation increased the protein digestibility up to 90% in all samples and 4 days of fermentation time, loko red bean was found to more suitable. The chemical compositions and mineral contain was also high as compared to remaining two verities. Keywords: Antinutritious, Digestibility, Fermentation, Proteins, Minera

Preliminary Study On The Conversion Of Different Waste Plastics Into Fuel Oil

Abstract: The objective of the work is the conversion of waste plastics into fuel oil. Plastic wastes such as, polypropylene, low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, polystyrene are the most frequently used in everyday activities and disposed of to the environment after service. Plastic are those substances which can take long periods of time to decompose if disposed off simply to the environment. Therefore, waste plastic should be changed into usable resources. The different waste plastics were thermally cracked at different temperature and then it was tried to measure the oil produced, the residue left after the reaction is completed, and the gas produced. Then it is compared that which types of plastics can yield higher amount of oil. There are a number of methods by which plastic wastes can be managed such as incineration, recycling, land filling, and thermal cracking. But this work focuses on thermal cracking of waste plastic to change them into usable resources, because in this method the emission of hazardous gases to the environment insignificant. This means we can change all the waste in to useful resources