Enhancing first responder CBRN capabilities

First responders perform a multitude of life-saving activities, including pre-hospital care, in challenging environments and situations. Responding to mass casualty events is difficult in any setting, but is even more complex during chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) incidents.In light of the growing concern about CBRN risks and the identified gaps in preparedness and response, the European Union (EU) has launched the EU Centers of Excellence (CoE)initiative on CBRN Risk Mitigation. One of the projects within the CoE initiative, Project 14, aims to enhance the capacities of first responders in South East Europe, Caucasus and Moldova. Two training courses have been implemented in the region, and this report aims to highlight some of the key points discussed, including the usability of the specific 'Gamma Ray Dose Constant'