Pasivne konstrukcije v jezikih Južne Azije

Haspelmath (2010) debates whether universal (descriptive) categories of the types that generativists (cf. Newmeyer, 2007) envisage are real and needed for cross-linguistic studies. Instead every language has its own unique set of categories. We raise doubt on this “categorial particularism” position by drawing on underlying similarities of passive constructions of three South Asian languages - Oriya (Indo-Aryan), Malayalam (Dravidian) and Kharia (Austro-Asiatic). Unlike English-type passives, they retain subject properties for their logical subjects and object properties for their logical objects, suggesting commonalities that a “categorial particularism” approach would not allow us to posit. Our further contention is that like English passives, they too satisfy Shibatani’s (1985) minimal condition for passives – the underscoring or the optionality of agents. Passive voice must therefore be a universal found in all languages primarily resulting in the optionality of agents. We also show how adopting this approach helps us re-analyse Meitei and Ao (Tibeto-Burman) as languages involving passives.Haspelmath (2010) se v svoji razpravi sprašuje, ali so univerzalne kategorije, ki jih obravnavajo generativisti (prim. Newmeyer, 2007), resnične in potrebne za medjezikovne raziskave. Namesto tega naj bi imel vsak jezik svoje lastne kategorije. Članek se ne strinja s konceptom “specifičnih kategorij”, kar prikaže na primeru podobnih pasivnih konstukcij v treh jezikih Južne Azije: v indoarijskem jeziku orija, dravidskem jeziku malajalam in avstroazijskem jeziku karija. Z razliko od pasivov, ki so značilni za angleščino, pasivi v teh jezikih ohranjajo značilnosti osebka za logične osebke in značilnosti predmeta za logične predmete. V okviru koncepta “specifičnih kategorij” to ne bi smelo biti mogoče. Sledi utemeljitev, da enako kot v angleščini tudi tu omenjene oblike pasiva ustrezajo mininalnim pogojem za pasiv, kot jih določa Shibatani (1985), t.j. poudarek na neobveznem vršilcu dejanja. Pasiv torej mora biti univerzalna značilnost vseh jezikov, ki se sprva kaže skozi neobvezni vršilec dejanja. Članek nazadnje pokaže, kako lahko s tem pristopom ponovno analiziramo tibetansko-burmanska jezika Meitei in Ao, kot jezika v pasivom

Not Available

Not AvailableThe role of microRNA in gene regulation during developmental biology has been well depicted in several organisms. The present study was performed to investigate miRNAs role in the liver tissues during carbohydrate metabolism and their targets in the farmed carp rohu, Labeo rohita, which is economically important species in aquaculture. Using Illumina-HiSeq technology, a total of 22,612,316; 44,316,046 and 13,338,434 clean reads were obtained from three small-RNA libraries. We have identified 138 conserved and 161 novel miRNAs and studies revealed that miR-22, miR-122, miR-365, miR-200, and miR-146 are involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Further analysis depicted mature miRNA and their predicted target sites in genes that were involved in developmental biology, cellular activities, transportation, etc. This is the first report of the presence of miRNAs in liver tissue of rohu and their comparative profile linked with metabolism serves as a vital resource as a biomarker.Not Availabl

Long-Term Prediction of Discharges in Manwan Hydropower Using Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference Systems Models

Forecasting reservoir inflow is important to hydropower reservoir management and scheduling. An Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is successfully developed to forecast the long-term discharges in Manwan Hydropower. Using the long-term observations of discharges of monthly river flow discharges during 1953-2003, different types of membership functions and antecedent input flows associated with ANFIS model are tested. When compared to the ANN model, the ANFIS model has shown a significant forecast improvement. The training and validation results show that the ANFIS model is an effective algorithm to forecast the long-term discharges in Manwan Hydropower. The ANFIS model is finally employed in the advanced water resource project of Yunnan Power Group.Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringAuthor name used in this publication: Chun-Tian ChengAuthor name used in this publication: Ying-Guang SunAuthor name used in this publication: Kwokwing ChauAuthor name used in this publication: Jian-Yi Li