Digitization of Print materials, Audio and Video

This paper discusses the process of digitization of the print material, audio and video including slides, microfilms etc. it discusses the scanning process, scanners, OCR technology, image editing softwares and standards for information storage

Organisation of Web pages Using Document Clustering Techniques: Some Algorithms

With the increase in information on the World Wide Web it has become difficult to find the desired information on search engines. Clustering Techniques are now being used to give a meaningful search result on web. This paper gives an idea about Web Page document clustering, different algorithms including similarity measures and clustering engines

A Tutorial on WWWISIS

The paper attempts to discuss the various issues in using WWWISIS software on win9x/NT platform with apache as the web server. Also presents a step by step approach to create a multimedia database having images, audio and video files. Two sets of programs are given for better practice

Critical appraisal of different drought indices of drought predection & their application in kbk districts of odisha

Mapping of the extreme events (droughts) is one of the adaptation strategies to consequences of increasing climatic inconsistency and climate alterations. Drought is one of the short-term extreme events. There is no operational practice to forecast the drought. One of the suggestions is to update mapping of drought prone areas for developmental planning. Drought indices play a significant role in drought mitigation. Many scientists have worked on different statistical analysis in drought and other climatological hazards. Many researchers have studied droughts individually for different sub-divisions or for India. Very few workers have studied district wise probabilities over large scale. In the present study, district wise drought probabilities over KBK (Kalahandi-Balangir-Koraput) districts of Odisha, which are seriously prone to droughts, has been established using meteorological, hydrological and remote sensing based agricultural droughts indices. The meteorological droughts indices are: percentage departure, percentage to normal, percentile, Standard Precipitation index (SPI), Reclamation Drought Index (RDI), Effective drought index (EDI), and Aridity Index (AI). The hydrological drought indices are: Streamflow drought index (SDI), Surface water supply index and proposed drought severity index (PDSI). The satellite data based agricultural drought indices was Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Mapping for moderate and severe drought probabilities for KBK districts has been done and regions belonging different class intervals of probabilities of drought have been demarcated. Such type of information would be a good tool for planning purposes and for input in modelling. Moreover, the present work discusses (a) composite drought indices with the combinations of meteorological, hydrological and satellite data based agricultural drought index, and (b) development of a proposed hydrological drought index

Design and implementation of advanced sensor systems for smart robotic wheelchairs: A review

Smart robotic wheelchairs have emerged as promising assistive devices to enhance mobility and independence for individuals with mobility impairments. The successful integration of advanced sensor systems plays a critical role in improving the functionality and safety of these wheelchairs. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the design and implementation of advanced sensor systems for smart robotic wheelchairs. Through an extensive literature review, the limitations of existing sensor technologies are identified, and the potential of advanced sensors is explored. Vision-based sensors, range and proximity sensors, force and pressure sensors, inertial sensors, and environmental sensors are discussed in detail. Furthermore, this review highlights the design considerations, hardware components, software development, and calibration procedures involved in implementing advanced sensor systems. Evaluation and performance analysis metrics are discussed to assess the effectiveness of the sensor systems. The research findings indicate that advanced sensor systems have the potential to significantly enhance the functionality and safety of smart robotic wheelchairs. However, challenges such as sensor integration, data fusion, and user feedback must be addressed. This review paper concludes by discussing the implications of advanced sensor systems in improving wheelchair functionality and user experience, and proposes future directions for research in this domain

Voice-activated wheelchair: An affordable solution for individuals with physical disabilities

The Low-Cost Voice Controlled Wheelchair with Raspberry Pi is an innovative assistive technology designed to improve the mobility and independence of people with disabilities. This research aims to develop a wheelchair system that can be operated using voice commands at an affordable price, making it accessible to a wider range of individuals with limited mobility. The device is built on the Raspberry Pi, a reasonably priced, credit-card-sized computer, and uses an easy-to-use yet efficient voice recognition technique to let users control the wheelchair with their vocal commands. A Raspberry Pi, a microphone, and motor controllers are some of the system's hardware components. The software uses Python programming language and open-source voice recognition technology to recognize voice commands, making it easy for users to navigate their environment independently. The system has been tested on a prototype and has shown promising results in terms of accuracy and reliability. The Low-Cost Voice Controlled Wheelchair with Raspberry Pi can give disabled persons new levels of mobility and independence, enhancing their quality of life and enhancing their capacity to carry out daily tasks

Quality control of marketed herbal products of Asparagus racemosus Willd. through high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis

Asparagus racemosus Willd. is a valuable medicinal plant which is used all over the world. There are several marketed products of A. racemosus. The high demand for this herb has increased the risk of adulteration in its commercial products. The adulterated herbal products might pose serious ill effects on health. Therefore, it is necessary to check the quality of marketed products in terms of the presence of their major bioactive compounds. The present study aimed to carry out the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Shatavarin IV in marketed products of A. racemosus through a validated high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method. Ten marketed products were analysed and all of them had shown the presence of Shatavarin IV which was quantified. The identification and quantification were done by taking a standard Shatavarin IV as reference. The Shatavarin IV was detected at Rf 0.4±0.05 and showed maximum absorption at 425 nm. The Shatavarin IV was quantified using a 6-point calibration curve having a standard deviation of 3.89 % with an R2 value of 0.9968. The amount of Shatavarin IV varied between 1.47±0.25 to 2.69±0.51 mg/g on a dry weight basis which is a normal range in the raw plant materials. Thus, the present findings would be a simple, reliable and cost-effective method for the quality determination of herbal products of A. racemosus. The developed HPTLC chromatograms would serve as a reference for the quality assessment of commercial products of A. racemosus in future

Differential Occurrence of Cuticular Wax and Its Role in Leaf Physiological Mechanisms of Three Edible Aroids of Northeast India

The localization of cuticular wax (CW) on the leaf epidermis and its interaction with the physiological mechanisms of three edible aroids, Alocasia, Colocasia, and Xanthosoma, were assessed. CW in the leaf tissues was visualized using scanning electron microscopy, which was higher in Colocasia (10.61 mg·dm−2) and Xanthosoma (11.36 mg·dm−2) than in Alocasia (1.36 mg·dm−2). Colocasia CW exhibited superhydrophobic properties with a higher static contact angle (CA) (>150◦) than Xanthosoma (99.0◦) and Alocasia (128.7◦). The higher CW in Colocasia and Xanthosoma resulted in better leaf chlorophyll stability, moisture retention ability, and cellular membrane integrity compared to Alocasia. CW acted as a protecting barrier against deleterious solar radiation in terms of sun protection factor (SPF). The glossy appearance of wax crystals in the Alocasia leaf cuticles resulted in higher SPF. Overall, Colocasia CW highly influenced the qualitative and protective mechanisms of the leaf. Our study sheds light on the pivotal role of CW in the physiological properties of aroid leaves, which would be useful for the selection of wax-rich plants for augmenting future breeding strategies. The information would also be useful for further exploration of the industrial potential of superhydrophobic wax crystals obtained from edible aroids.Fil: Pieniazek, Facundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina. ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region; IndiaFil: Dasgupta, Madhumita. ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region; IndiaFil: Messina, Valeria Marisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; ArgentinaFil: Devi, Mayengbam Premi. ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region; IndiaFil: Devi, Yumnam Indrani. ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region; IndiaFil: Mohanty, Sansuta. ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research; IndiaFil: Singh, Satyapriya. ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research; IndiaFil: Sahoo, Bibhuti Bhusan. Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology; IndiaFil: Nongdam, Potshangbam. Manipur University; IndiaFil: Acharya, Gobinda Chandra. ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research; IndiaFil: Sahoo, Manas Ranjan. ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research; India. ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region; Indi

Buckling, Vibration and Dynamic Stability of Sandwich Beams with Functionally Graded Material Constraining Layer

The present investigation is an attempt to contribute towards the improved understanding of the buckling, vibration and dynamic stability of sandwich beams with viscoelastic core and functionally graded material (FGM) constraining layer under parametric excitation. The equations of motion have been derived using finite element method in conjunction with Hamilton's principle. The governing equations are a set of linear system of Mathieu-Hill type equations from which the boundaries of stable and unstable regions are determined by using Hsu's criteria in the parameter space. FGMs are microscopically inhomogeneous spatial combination of constituents, usually made up of ceramic-metal constituents. The properties of the functionally graded material constraining layer are assumed to vary along the thickness direction according to a power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The effect of power law index on the critical buckling loads, natural frequencies and dynamic stability of the sandwich beam is investigated. An increase of power law index value decreases the natural frequencies. It is also observed that increase of power law index value decreases critical buckling load. With the increase of the power index there is deterioration effect on the dynamic stability. Increase in core thickness, increases both the resonant frequencies and buckling loads and also improves the stability of the beam. The influence of temperature rise on the buckling loads, frequencies and dynamic instability regions of the beam in high thermal environment is investigated. The resonant frequencies, buckling loads and dynamic stability behavior are found to be highly sensitive to the temperature change between the bottom and top surfaces of the constraining layer. The presence of a temperature rise degrades the structural stiffness, and hence lowers the vibration frequencies and buckling loads. Also the dynamic stability of the beam deteriorates. Parametric investigation is carried out thoroughly to study the effect of the hub radius ratio and rotational speed on buckling, vibration and the dynamic stability of rotating sandwich beam. Increase in the rotational speed and hub radius results in the increase of natural frequencies and buckling loads. Increase in the rotational speed and hub radius enhances the dynamic stability of the beam. The effects of foundation stiffness coefficients on the dynamic stability of sandwich beam are examined in detail through parametric studies. The frequencies of the beam resting on Pasternak foundation increase with the increase of Winkler foundation constant and shear layer constant. The Winkler and shear foundation constants have a noticeable effect on the critical buckling load of the beam resting on Pasternak foundation and under axial loading. An increase in each of these constants increases the critical buckling load of the beam. With an increase of Winker foundation constant and shear layer constant improves the dynamic stability of the beam. Shear layer constant has got more dominating effect compared with the Winkler foundation constant on the dynamic stability of the sandwich beam resting on Pasternak foundation

<i style="">In silico</i> 3-D structure prediction of H1N1 2009 neuraminidase and comparative analysis of coding statistics of mutated genes

148-155The enzyme neuraminidase (NA), coded by H1N1 virus, catalyses the removal of terminal sialic acid from viral and cellular glycoconjugates. It cleaves the terminal sialic acid on the glycosylated NA during virus budding to facilitate virus release. The outbreak of Swine flu is suspected to be caused due to H274Y mutation in the neuraminidase enzyme of H1N1 2009 strain. The present study involves 3-D structure modeling of mutated neuraminidase of the strain A/Poland/274/2009 (H1N1) by MODELLER9v7 and comparative analysis of coding statistics among NA gene of 3 mutated H1N1 strains with GenBank accession numbers GU112751, GU371269 and CY053923. The analysis of 3-D model revealed that NAs have a common fold characterised by β-pleated sheet flanked either side by helices. The amino terminal end of the molecule is occupied by β-α-β motif and carboxy terminal end by β-hairpin motif. The molecule is characterised by 24 strands and 3 helices. The α1 helix is the longest among the three helices. The comparative analysis of coding statistics indicates that the statistical features f1, f5, f6 and f7 have the most discriminating power for the individual recognition of the mutated neuraminidase genes of H1N1 2009