Enhancing skills, mood, and performance in overweight handball players : exploring individual vs. collective verbal encouragement strategies

This comparative study investigates the effectiveness of two teaching methods, individual verbal encouragement and collective verbal encouragement, in enhancing the technical–tactical skills and mood state of obese students during handball matches. This study employs a randomized controlled design and involves 28 overweight students (50% females), age: 17.4 ± 2.08 years and BMI: 26.8 ± 1.5 for females and 27.3 ± 2.1 for males. Technical–tactical skills are assessed through performance metrics (individual evaluation proposal by Gréhaigne) such as Ball Played (BP), Conquered Ball (CB), Lost Ball (LB), Shoots/Goals, Conservation index, and defensive index, while mood states are evaluated using pre- and post-tests (BRUMS Scale). Results reveal that individual verbal encouragement significantly enhances technical–tactical skills and positively influences the mood state of overweight students compared to collective verbal encouragement. Boys in Session 1 with VEI displayed a significantly higher number of ball plays (mean difference = 0.94 standard deviations, p = 0.004) and conquered balls (mean difference = 0.78 standard deviations, p = 0.006) compared to VEC. They also had a lower number of Lost Balls (mean difference = −0.62 standard deviations, p = 0.018) and a higher shooting efficiency (Shoots/Goals ratio, mean difference = 0.67 standard deviations; p = 0.013). Similar trends were observed in Session 2, with VEI, again, demonstrating advantages. Girls exhibited analogous improvements with VEI in both sessions. Notably, these performance enhancements coincided with positive emotional changes, with VEI leading to a greater decrease in depression and fatigue scores for both boys and girls. The study highlights the importance of tailoring teaching methods to the specific needs of overweight students in the context of handball, emphasizing the effectiveness of individualized verbal encouragement for skill development and emotional well-being. These findings offer practical implications for educators and coaches involved in physical education, advocating for personalized approaches to optimize learning experiences for overweight students in sports settings

The Effects of Verbal Encouragement during a Soccer Dribbling Circuit on Physical and Psychophysiological Responses: An Exploratory Study in a Physical Education Setting

none10Bilel Aydi; Okba Selmi; Mohamed A. Souissi; Hajer Sahli; Ghazi Rekik; Zachary J. Crowley-McHattan; Jeffrey Cayaban Pagaduan; Antonella Muscella; Makram Zghibi; Yung-Sheng ChenAydi, Bilel; Selmi, Okba; Souissi, Mohamed A.; Sahli, Hajer; Rekik, Ghazi; Crowley-McHattan, Zachary J.; Cayaban Pagaduan, Jeffrey; Muscella, Antonella; Zghibi, Makram; Chen, Yung-Shen

Comment les élèves apprennent-ils en gymnastique avec le dispositif de débat d’idées ?

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Efeito do encorajamento verbal do professor nas respostas psicofisiológicas durante jogos reduzidos de futebol

Uno de los factores importantes que mejoran la capacidad de los jugadores de fútbol para participar más en la actividad física es el estímulo verbal. El propósito del estudio fue investigar el efecto del estímulo verbal del profesor en los partidos de fútbol en espacios reducidos sobre los parámetros psicofisiológicos. Catorce estudiantes universitarios varones, especialidad fútbol, completaron aleatoriamente cuatro sesiones(S1-S4)de juegos reducidos con (SSGE) o sin estímulo verbal (SSGN). Se registraron la frecuencia cardíaca, el estado de ánimo y el RPE. La alteración del estado de ánimo total disminuye significativamente en las sesiones con SSGE (S1: P < 0,05; S3: P < 0,001). Además, el RPE mejoró significativamente en SSGE (S1: P = 0,035; S3: P = 0,02) en comparación con SSGN. Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las condiciones para la frecuencia cardíaca máxima durante las SSG. El estímulo verbal del maestro es un método beneficioso para aumentar la motivación, mejorando así la participación física de los estudiantes universitarios en los partidos de fútbol a pequeña escalaOne of the important factors that improve soccer player's ability toengage more in the physical activity is verbal encouragement. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the teacher's verbal encouragement in football small-sided games on psycho-physiological parameters. Fourteen male college students, soccer specialty, completed randomly four sessions(S1-S4)of small-sided games with (SSGE) or without verbal encouragement (SSGN). Heart rate, mood state and RPE were recorded. Total mood disturbance decreases significantly in sessions with SSGE (S1: P < 0.05; S3: P < 0.001). Also, RPE was improved significantly in SSGE (P = 0.035; P = 0.02) compared to SSGN. However, no significant differences between conditions were found for maximal heart rate during SSGs. Teacher’s verbal encouragement is a beneficial method of increasing motivation, thereby improving the physical engagement of college students in small-scale football matchesUm dos fatores importantes que melhoram acapacidade do jogador de futebol de se engajar mais na atividade física é o incentivo verbal. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar o efeito do encorajamento verbal do professor em jogos reduzidos de futebol sobre parâmetros psicofisiológicos. Quatorze universitários do sexo masculino, especialidade futebol, completaram aleatoriamente quatro sessões(S1-S4)de jogos reduzidos com (SSGE) ou sem incentivo verbal (SSGN). Frequência cardíaca, estado de humor e RPE foram registrados. A perturbação total do humor diminui significativamente nas sessões com SSGE (S1: P < 0,05; S3: P < 0,001). Além disso, o RPE melhorou significativamente no SSGE (P = 0,035; P = 0,02) em comparação com o SSGN. No entanto, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as condições para frequência cardíaca máxima durante SSGs. O encorajamento verbal do professor é um método benéfico de aumentar a motivação, melhorando assim o envolvimento físico de estudantes universitários em partidas de futebol de pequena escal

Efeito do encorajamento verbal do professor nas respostas psicofisiológicas durante um jogo específico de futebol reduzido.

One of the important factors that improve soccer player's ability to engage more in the physical activity is verbal encouragement from the coach during exercise. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the coach's verbal encouragement in football small-sided games on psycho-physiological parameters. Fourteen male students, soccer specialty, completed four sessions of small-sided games (SSG). Two sessions (S1 and S3) conducted with verbal encouragement (SSGE), and the other two sessions (S2 and S4) without VE (SSGN). Mood state was recorded before and after each training session using the profile of mood-state (POMS). Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was measured after each training session. Heart rate was continuously recorded. Total mood disturbance decreases significantly in sessions with SSGE (S1: P &lt; 0.05; S3: P &lt; 0.001). RPE scores in sessions S1 and S4 (SSGE) have significantly higher (P = 0.035; P = 0.02) compared to session S2 (SSGN).In contrast, no significant differences between the two conditions were found for maximal heart rate during SSG. Teacher’s verbal encouragement is a beneficial method of increasing motivation, thereby improving the physical engagement of students in small-scale football matches.Uno de los factores importantes que mejoran la capacidad de los jugadores de fútbol para participar más en la actividad física es el estímulo verbal del entrenador durante el ejercicio. El propósito del estudio fue investigar el efecto del estímulo verbal del entrenador en los partidos de fútbol en espacios reducidos sobre los parámetros psicofisiológicos. Catorce alumnos varones, especialidad fútbol, ​​completaron cuatro sesiones de juegos reducidos (SSG). Dos sesiones (S1 y S3) realizadas con estímulo verbal (SSGE), y las otras dos sesiones (S2 y S4) sin VE (SSGN). El estado de ánimo se registró antes y después de cada sesión de entrenamiento utilizando el perfil de estado de ánimo (POMS). La calificación del esfuerzo percibido (RPE) se midió después de cada sesión de entrenamiento. La frecuencia cardíaca se registró continuamente. La alteración del estado de ánimo total disminuye significativamente en las sesiones con SSGE (S1: P &lt; 0,05; S3: P &lt; 0,001). Las puntuaciones de RPE en las sesiones S1 y S4 (SSGE) son significativamente más altas (P = 0,035; P = 0,02) en comparación con la sesión S2 (SSGN). Por el contrario, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las dos condiciones para la frecuencia cardíaca máxima durante la SSG. El estímulo verbal del maestro es un método beneficioso para aumentar la motivación, mejorando así la participación física de los estudiantes en los partidos de fútbol a pequeña escala.Um dos fatores importantes que melhoram a capacidade do jogador de futebol de se engajar mais na atividade física é o incentivo verbal do treinador durante o exercício. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar o efeito do encorajamento verbal do treinador em jogos reduzidos de futebol em parâmetros psicofisiológicos. Quatorze estudantes do sexo masculino, especialidade de futebol, completaram quatro sessões de jogos reduzidos (SSG). Duas sessões (S1 e S3) realizadas com estímulo verbal (SSGE), e as outras duas sessões (S2 e S4) sem EV (SSGN). O estado de humor foi registrado antes e após cada sessão de treinamento usando o perfil de estado de humor (POMS). A avaliação do esforço percebido (PSE) foi medida após cada sessão de treinamento. A frequência cardíaca foi registrada continuamente. A perturbação total do humor diminui significativamente nas sessões com SSGE (S1: P &lt; 0,05; S3: P &lt; 0,001). Os escores de PSE nas sessões S1 e S4 (SSGE) foram significativamente maiores (P = 0,035; P = 0,02) em comparação com a sessão S2 (SSGN). Em contraste, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as duas condições para a frequência cardíaca máxima durante a SSG. O encorajamento verbal do professor é um método benéfico para aumentar a motivação, melhorando assim o envolvimento físico dos alunos em partidas de futebol de pequena escala

Effect of Verbal Encouragement on Performance and Affective Responses in Male Sport Science Students during Sprint Modalities

This investigation aimed to examine the effect of verbal encouragement teacher to student (VETS) versus verbal encouragement student to student (VESS) on physical performance and affective responses during different modalities of sprint tests in active male students. In a randomized crossover design, twenty-two male sport science students (age: 21 ± 1.2 years, body height: 1.77 ± 0.3 m, body mass: 76.6 ± 2.1 kg, BMI: 22.9 ± 1.3 kg·m−2) performed linear and change-of-direction sprint tests under one of three conditions: (1) VETS; (2) VETS; (3) no verbal encouragement. In each condition, participants performed the 20 m sprint test, the 10 × 2 sprint test, and the L sprint test. The assessed parameters comprised physical performance, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and a feeling scale. Post hoc test analysis indicates a significant increase in physical performance during VETS and VESS conditions compared to the control condition due to a decrease in sprint in line 20 m (VETS: p p = 0.016, d = 0.41), sprint 10*2 (VETS: p p = 0.05, d = 0.36), and sprint L (VETS: p = 0.001, d = 1.19) times compared to the control condition. Moreover, the feeling score was greater after VETS compared to other conditions (p = [<0.001–0.001], d = [0.77–1.18]). In addition, the RPE had no effect on sprint performance between the different conditions. It is indicated that VETS, rather than VESS, is a more significant and effective way to increase effort intensity and positive feelings during sprinting modalities

Effect of the Verbal Encouragement on Psychophysiological and Affective Responses during Small-Sided Games

Verbal encouragement (VE) is considered as external motivation provided by physical education teacher. For this reason, this study aimed to examine the effects of VE on psychophysiological and affective responses during small-sided games (SSG). Sixteen male school students (age: 17.37 ± 0.48 years) completed four sessions of a 4-a-side SSG. Two sessions occurred with VE (SSGE), and two sessions did not include VE (SSGNE). Heart rate was continuously recorded, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and blood lactate concentration ([La]b) were measured after each training session. Physical enjoyment was assessed after each protocol. Mood state was recorded before and after each training session using the profile of mood-state. HR max, [La]b, RPE, Physical enjoyment, and vigor were higher in SSGE compared to SSGNE (all, p < 0.001). The SSGE and SSGNE resulted in a decreased total mood disturbance (TMD) (p = 0.001, ES = 0.60; p = 0.04, ES = 0.33, respectively) and tension (p < 0.001, ES = 0.91; p = 0.004, ES = 0.47, respectively), and the vigor was increased after the SSGE (p < 0.001, ES = 0.76). SSGE and SSGNE induce similar improvement in TMD and tension. However, SSGE induced higher physiological responses, RPE, enjoyment, and positive mood than SSGNE. Physical education teachers could use VE during specific soccer sessions to improve physical aspects, enjoyment, and mood in participants

The Effects of Verbal Encouragement and Compliments on Physical Performance and Psychophysiological Responses During the Repeated Change of Direction Sprint Test

The general and sports psychology research is limited regarding the difference between the effects of verbal encouragement (VE) or compliment methods during high-intensity functional exercise testing. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of VE and compliments on the performance of the repeated change-of-direction (RCOD) sprint test. A total of 36 male students in secondary school participated voluntarily in the study. They were divided equally into three homogeneous groups [VE group, compliment group (CG), and control group) and performed a standardized one repetition RCOD. The RCOD (6 x 20 m with 25-s active recovery) test consisted of a 100change in the direction at every 4 m. Outcomes included performance indices (fast time, average time, and total time), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and feeling scale scores. VE and the compliment increased the performance indices and RPE compared with the control group. In conclusion, VE during the exercise testing would be more beneficial for optimal performance and RPE compared with the compliment and control groups. However, the moods, during RCOD, reproduce more positively during compliment conditions than the VE and control groups. Copyright 2022 Sahli, Haddad, Jebabli, Sahli, Ouergui, Ouerghi, Bragazzi and Zghibi.Scopu

The effects of combined verbal encouragement and technical instruction on technical skills and psychophysiological responses during small-sided handball games exercise in physical education

To examine the effects of combined positive verbal encouragement and general technical guidelines on technical and psychophysiological parameters in pupils during a small-sided handball passing game. Twenty secondary school pupils (age, 16 ± 1 years; body mass, 55.3 ± 6.6 kg; body height, 1.77 ± 0.13 m; BMI, 22.6 ± 2.2 kg m−1) performed small-sided games (2 × 10 min) with three conditions: small-sided game (1) with combined verbal encouragement and technical instruction; (2) with technical instruction; (3) without any instruction (control) in which the passes for each pupil in each set was measured together with the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and feeling mood after the first and second set. Results: A two-way analysis of variance demonstrated that the combined condition resulted in more passes compared to the technical instruction and control conditions, while the number of passes increased in set 2 for all conditions. RPE and the feeling mood were also differently between the conditions. Combined verbal encouragement and technical instruction during handball exercise were more beneficial for optimal passing numbers, positive mood with less perception of physical effort compared to only technical instruction and a control condition. The results evidenced positive acute effects of combined verbal encouragement and technical instruction during handball, indicating the usefulness of these training methods for optimal passing numbers, positive mood with less perception of physical effort in physical education pupils. Future studies should evaluate the applicability combined verbal encouragement and technical skills in the training of other conditioning capacities and the individual responsiveness of players toward verbal encouragement tasks.publishedVersio

Enhancing Skills, Mood, and Performance in Overweight Handball Players: Exploring Individual vs. Collective Verbal Encouragement Strategies

This comparative study investigates the effectiveness of two teaching methods, individual verbal encouragement and collective verbal encouragement, in enhancing the technical–tactical skills and mood state of obese students during handball matches. This study employs a randomized controlled design and involves 28 overweight students (50% females), age: 17.4 ± 2.08 years and BMI: 26.8 ± 1.5 for females and 27.3 ± 2.1 for males. Technical–tactical skills are assessed through performance metrics (individual evaluation proposal by Gréhaigne) such as Ball Played (BP), Conquered Ball (CB), Lost Ball (LB), Shoots/Goals, Conservation index, and defensive index, while mood states are evaluated using pre- and post-tests (BRUMS Scale). Results reveal that individual verbal encouragement significantly enhances technical–tactical skills and positively influences the mood state of overweight students compared to collective verbal encouragement. Boys in Session 1 with VEI displayed a significantly higher number of ball plays (mean difference = 0.94 standard deviations, p = 0.004) and conquered balls (mean difference = 0.78 standard deviations, p = 0.006) compared to VEC. They also had a lower number of Lost Balls (mean difference = −0.62 standard deviations, p = 0.018) and a higher shooting efficiency (Shoots/Goals ratio, mean difference = 0.67 standard deviations; p = 0.013). Similar trends were observed in Session 2, with VEI, again, demonstrating advantages. Girls exhibited analogous improvements with VEI in both sessions. Notably, these performance enhancements coincided with positive emotional changes, with VEI leading to a greater decrease in depression and fatigue scores for both boys and girls. The study highlights the importance of tailoring teaching methods to the specific needs of overweight students in the context of handball, emphasizing the effectiveness of individualized verbal encouragement for skill development and emotional well-being. These findings offer practical implications for educators and coaches involved in physical education, advocating for personalized approaches to optimize learning experiences for overweight students in sports settings