Synthesize and characterization of clay based low-cost membrane for solid-liquid separation

In this work, locally available clay material was mixed with inorganic materials to synthesize the low-cost ceramic membrane in microfiltration range. Membrane was sintered at different temperatures (800-950oC) and the effect of sintered temperature on membrane preparation was studied in detail. The membrane porosity was found to decrease (44-30%) with membrane sintering temperatures (800-950oC). The corrosion resistance of the prepared ceramic membranes at different sintering temperatures was analyzed using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), NaOH and HCl. It was observed that the elemental composition by EDX analysis and porosity measurement of the synthesized membrane was found almost invariant. Finally, the synthesized membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra analysis to study their morphological properties and porosity measurement, and functional group analysis, respectively. The abrupt morphological changes on the membrane surface and micro porosity formation at 800oC sintering temperature suggest that the synthesized clay based ceramic membrane could be used for various solid-liquid separations.&nbsp

Chromium Genotoxicity Associated with Respiratory Disease

Chromium existing in the biosphere in prominent two forms Cr (III) and Cr (VI) is a well-studied heavy metal. Cr (III) is considered as non-harmful and necessary element in diet whereas Cr(VI) is extremely toxic exerting various negative health impacts on human and other organisms. Mining activity is must for extracting economic minerals and a large number of people are related to these sites as worker or habitants and a major source of chromium exposure. Present chapter discusses genotoxic nature of chromium considering respiratory disease resulted from chromium exposure. The genotoxicity is illustrated in terms of chromium induced differential expressed genes (DEGs), transcription factors and microRNA regulating the DEGs and their gene ontology