Universality in the Crossover between Edge Channel and Bulk Transport in the Quantum Hall Regime

We present a new theoretical approach for the integer quantum Hall effect, which is able to describe the inter-plateau transitions as well as the transition to the Hall insulator. We find two regimes (metallic and insulator like) of the top Landau level, in which the dissipative bulk current appears in different directions. The regimes are separated by a temperature invariant point.Comment: 4 page, 2 eps figures included, submitte

Copper(II) complex of (±)trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine azo-linked Schiff base ligand encapsulated in nanocavity of zeolite-Y for the catalytic oxidation of olefins

A Schiff base ligand derived from 4-(benzeneazo) salicylaldehyde and (±)trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine (H2L) and its corresponding Cu(II) complex (CuL) has been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, UV-VIS and 1H NMR. The copper Schiff base complex encapsulated in the nanopores of zeolite-Y (CuL-Y) by flexible ligand method and its encapsulation have been ensured by different studies. The homogeneous and its corresponding heterogeneous catalysts have been used for oxidation of different alkenes with tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the oxidation of cyclooctene, cyclohexene, styrene and norbornene catalyzed by CuL gave 89, 63, 46 and 13% conversion, respectively. These olefins were oxidized efficiently with 50, 96, 96 and 92% conversion in the presence of CuL-Y, respectively. Comparison of the catalytic behavior of CuL and CuL-Y showed the higher catalytic activity and selectivity of the heterogeneous catalyst with respect to the homogenous one