Synthesis of A Novel Super Absorbent Based on Wheat Straw

The purpose of this research is to generate wheat straw based super absorbent which is eco-friendly. The chemical approach of graft-copolymerization is used to create this novel super absorbent polymer. Polyacrylic acid is the building block polymer that is utilized in the production of highly absorbent polymer. Furthermore, water absorption capabilities of these environmentally friendly absorbents are investigated in a variety of conditions and then compared to one another. The polymer is then tested for absorbency. It is discovered that several optimized factors, such as the time span of the immersed sample, the effect of different solutions, and the temperature, has an impact on the absorbencies of the super absorbent. Optical microscope pictures provided proof of the morphological characteristics. The excellent product is achieved with absorbencies of 251 percent in distilled water and 528.34 percent in a 4-weight percent sodium hydroxide solution, respectively. It is also discovered that the absorbency increased in accordance with the increase in temperature. At 80 degrees Celsius, the maximum absorbency is observed in water, at 548.6 percent.Comment: Accepted on International Conference on Mechanical, Industrial and Materials Engineering (ICMIME-2022

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Not AvailableThis study aims to assess the fungicide resistance status of P. viticola for developing a future guideline for downy mildew management of grapes in India. One hundred and sixty downy mildew infected grape leaf samples were collected from 16 vineyards located in Maharashtra, India during September 2015 to November 2016. Most of these vineyards had heavy incidence of downy mildew disease, even though several fungicide interventions for its control were made. The fungicide sensitivity was assessed against kresoxim methyl, dimethomorph, Cymoxanil and Metaxyl-M using leaf disc bioassay, and QoI and CAA resistance gene was detected using allele specific multiplex PCR. Based on the sensitivity response in leaf disc bio-assay, isolates of P. viticola were categorized as, sensitive (S), intermediate (I) or highly resistant (R) to four fungicides. The percentage of sensitive P. viticola isolates were 23.75, 19.37, 32.5, 12.5, intermediate were 15.0, 48.12, 48.8, 45.62 and highly resistant were 23.8, 20.6, 29.4, 12.5 to kresoxim methyl, dimethomorph, cymoxanil and metalaxyl-M, respectively. Multiplex allele-specific primer–polymerase chain reaction (ASP-PCR) confirmed G143A mutation in the cytb gene in 123 highly and intermediate resistant P. viticola isolates to quinone outside inhibitor fungicide and G1105S mutation in the PvcesA3 gene in 129 highly and intermediate resistant isolates to carboxylic acid amide fungicides. Among these, 101 isolates showed the presence of both G143A and G1005S mutations. Forty-nine isolates showed the presence of either G143A or G1005S mutation,while ten isolates were sensitive to both the fungicides and did not harbor either of the mutations.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableSoluble seed protein of different Citrus species was compared on discontinuous electrophoretic system. Five polyembryonic and three monoembryonic species with elite ecotypes formed 31 distinct, unambiguous bands in the range of 4 to 71 kD with four conserved bands in all the ecotypes irrespective of species with average molecular weight of 4, 10, 20, 35 KD, respectively. The major storage protein globulin showed a conserved nature without having any differential expression relevant to species or ecotype marking. A 46 kilo Dalton band was unique to monoembryonic types. Protein profile reveals close association of C. reticulata and C. sinensis indicating a probable co-evolution. Hierarchical Cluster analysis showed the monoembryonic types in a single cluster while in polyembryonic types C. reticulata paired with C. sinensis while C. limon and C. aurantifolia came together. The closeness of two polyembryonic species C. reticulata and C. sinensis with the monoembryonates suggested evolution of the previous types from the later or by hybridization. Study revealed the uniqueness of Citrus grandis among monoembryonates. C. papedia showed altogether different protein \ profile with some homology with C. aurantifolia. The study confirms the role of cross breeding and mutation followed by natural selection in co evolution of different ecotypes.Not Availabl