Nutritional status of under-five children in rural Bangladesh

A cross-sectional study was carried out in Dumki Upazila of Patuakhali district in Bangladesh to assess the prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight among the under-five children. Anthropometric measurements were taken from all children, aged 0-59 months in the studied area using wooden height board and digital weight machine. We used WHO Anthro software for analyzing the z scores of the children. A total of 4409 (2296 boys and 2113 girls) under five children were counted for anthropometric analysis.  Regarding the Height-for-age Z-score (HAZ), the study revealed that the prevalence of stunting was 27.10% (95% CI: 25.8-28.5) of the children while 7.80% (95% CI: 7-8.6) were severe stunting. By assessing the Weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ), the study showed that 11.20% (95% CI: 10.3-12.1) were wasting whereas 3% (95% CI 2.5-3.5) were severe wasting. According to Weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ), about 18.20% (95% CI: 17-19.3) were underweight and 4.1% (95% CI: 3.5-4.7) were underweight. The findings of the study show that prevalence of stunting is very high. Focusing on childhood stunting is a high priority, and there should be comprehensive efforts to increase the overall nutritional status of the under-five children in this area

UBC13-Mediated Ubiquitin Signaling Promotes Removal of Blocking Adducts from DNA Double-Strand Breaks

Chemical modifications and adducts at DNA double-strand break (DSB) ends must be cleaned before re-joining by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). MRE11 nuclease is essential for efficient removal of Topoisomerase II (TOP2)-DNA adducts from TOP2 poison-induced DSBs. However, mechanisms in MRE11 recruitment to DSB sites in G1 phase remain poorly understood. Here, we report that TOP2-DNA adducts are expeditiously removed through UBC13-mediated polyubiquitination, which promotes DSB resection in G2 phase. We found that this ubiquitin signaling is required for efficient recruitment of MRE11 onto DSB sites in G1 by facilitating localization of RAP80 and BRCA1 to DSB sites and complex formation between BRCA1 and MRE11 at DSB sites. UBC13 and MRE11 are dispensable for restriction-enzyme-induced "clean" DSBs repair but responsible for over 50% and 70% of NHEJ-dependent repair of γ-ray-induced "dirty" DSBs, respectively. In conclusion, ubiquitin signaling promotes nucleolytic removal of DSB blocking adducts by MRE11 before NHEJ

Measurement of the Bottom-Strange Meson Mixing Phase in the Full CDF Data Set

We report a measurement of the bottom-strange meson mixing phase \beta_s using the time evolution of B0_s -> J/\psi (->\mu+\mu-) \phi (-> K+ K-) decays in which the quark-flavor content of the bottom-strange meson is identified at production. This measurement uses the full data set of proton-antiproton collisions at sqrt(s)= 1.96 TeV collected by the Collider Detector experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron, corresponding to 9.6 fb-1 of integrated luminosity. We report confidence regions in the two-dimensional space of \beta_s and the B0_s decay-width difference \Delta\Gamma_s, and measure \beta_s in [-\pi/2, -1.51] U [-0.06, 0.30] U [1.26, \pi/2] at the 68% confidence level, in agreement with the standard model expectation. Assuming the standard model value of \beta_s, we also determine \Delta\Gamma_s = 0.068 +- 0.026 (stat) +- 0.009 (syst) ps-1 and the mean B0_s lifetime, \tau_s = 1.528 +- 0.019 (stat) +- 0.009 (syst) ps, which are consistent and competitive with determinations by other experiments.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, Phys. Rev. Lett 109, 171802 (2012

DNA修復欠損細胞を使った高感度変異原性検出法の樹立

付記する学位プログラム名: 充実した健康長寿社会を築く総合医療開発リーダー育成プログラム京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(医科学)甲第21696号医科博第100号新制||医科||7(附属図書館)京都大学大学院医学研究科医科学専攻(主査)教授 齊藤 博英, 教授 清水 章, 教授 Shohab YOUSSEFIAN学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Replication-associated formation and repair of human topoisomerase IIIα cleavage complexes

This study provides evidence that human topoisomerase IIIα (TOP3A) is closely associated with active replisomes. The authors uncover TOP3A DNA cleavage complexes (TOP3Accs) repair mechanisms to ensure normal DNA replication and genome integrity

Molecular Detection and Multidrug Resistance of Shigella spp. Isolated from Wild Waterfowl and Migratory Birds in Bangladesh

Birds, especially wild waterfowl and migratory birds have the potential to carry antibiotic-resistant bacteria, but their role in the dissemination of these resistant pathogens is still neglected in Bangladesh. To the best of our knowledge, this study was carried out for the first time in Bangladesh to isolate and determine the occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Shigella spp. from fecal materials of wild waterfowl and migratory birds. A total of 80 fecal materials from wild waterfowl (n = 50) and migratory birds (n = 30) were screened to detect MDR Shigella isolates. Shigella spp. were isolated and identified by culturing, staining, and biochemical tests followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A disk diffusion assay was employed to investigate antibiotic phenotypes, while the resistance genes were detected by PCR. Among the 80 samples, 15 (18.75%) were found positive for Shigella spp. by PCR, among which the occurrence rate of Shigella spp. was higher in migratory birds (20%, 6/30) than in wild waterfowl (18%, 9/50). By the disk diffusion test, 86.67% (13/15) of Shigella spp. isolates were found to be MDR in nature, including 93.33% of isolates resistant to imipenem. Moreover, frequent and moderate resistance was also observed against tetracycline (86.67%), azithromycin (80%), ampicillin (66.67%), ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole (40%), meropenem (26.67%), and streptomycin (13.33%). The bivariate analysis revealed a positive correlation between the resistance profiles of ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole, imipenem and tetracycline, tetracycline and ampicillin, and imipenem and azithromycin. Furthermore, the isolates had a multiple antibiotic resistance index of up to 0.47. Antibiotic resistance genes tetA and SHV were found in 69.23% and 50% of relevant antibiotic-resistant Shigella spp. isolates, respectively. The present study suggests that wild waterfowl and migratory birds are reservoirs of MDR Shigella spp., which may have detrimental impacts on One Health components. We suggest keeping these birds under an AMR monitoring program to avoid the possibility of AMR contamination of the environment and its consequences in all health settings