Reversible Data Hiding Technique using Novel Interpolation Technique and Discrete Cosine Transform

The application of internet has expanded colossally in recent years. Subsequently, security of data has turned out to be a quite important factor to focus. It is likewise discernible that over the internet, data can be controlled, cautioned or compromised. To overcome these issues numerous methodologies are proposed. These methods depend on some type of mechanism, where data is encoded and with the help of a key message and using the key it can be recovered the receiver. In pictures, reversible data hiding (RDH) is a strategy which is exceptionally useful in regaining original cover after the embedded message is separated. This key strategy is comprehensively utilized as a piece of medical imagery, law crime scene investigation and military symbolism, where no distortion of the cover is allowed. Because of being reversible, RDH has pulled in great research interest. This paper discusses an improvement in RDH technique while also considering DCT based compression technique for further improvements. Simulation has been carried out to evaluate the performance in terms of Peak-to-Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM). It has been found that our proposed method performs better than earlier methods

Characterization of handmade Nepali paper as a platform for paper analytical device to determine anti-diabetic drug

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need of eco-friendly and locally or distributed manufacturing of diagnostic and safety products. Here, we characterized five handmade papers for their potential application to make paper analytical device (PADs). The handmade papers were made from locally available plant fiber using eco-friendly method. Thickness, grammage, and apparent density of the paper samples ranged from 198 μm to 314 μm, 49 g/m2 to 117.8 g/m2, and 0.23 to 0.39 g/cm3, respectively. Moisture content, water filtration and wicking speed ranged from 5.2% to 7.1%, 35.7 to 156.7, and 0.062 to 0.124 mms-1, respectively. Further, water contact angle and porosity ranged from 76˚ to 112˚ and 79% to 83%, respectively. The best paper sample one was chosen to fabricate PADs which were used for the determination of metformin. The metformin assay on PADs followed linear range from 0.0625 to 0.5 mg/mL. The assay had limit of detection and limit of quantitation of 0.05 mg/mL and 0.18 mg/mL respectively. The new method was used to test metformin samples (n=20) collected from local pharmacies. The average amount of metformin concentration in samples was 465.6 ± 15.1mg/tablet. Three samples did not meet the regulatory standards. When compared with spectrophotometric method, PADs assay correctly predicted 18 out of 20 samples. The PADs assay on handmade paper may provide a low-cost and easy-to-use system to screening the quality of drugs and other point-of-need applications

“You Sleep, You Die”: A Rare Clinical Case of Ondine’s Curse after Posterior Fossa Surgery

Ondine’s curse is a rare condition in which breathing is preserved while awake, but there is absence of autonomic control of ventilation. It is a potentially fatal complication that may result rarely from surgery in posterior fossa in area close to respiratory centers. We describe a patient with posterior fossa hemangioblastoma who underwent subtotal resection via telovelar approach and developed acquired Ondine’s curse postoperatively. The patient’s presentation and management are described. Besides that, Ondine’s is a great example of how modern medicine is linked to ancient literature, and thus, its anecdotal history is also described

Recruitment Algorithm in Edge-Cloud Servers based on Mobile Crowd-Sensing in Smart Cities

As more and more mobile devices rely on cloud services since the introduction of cloud computing, data privacy has emerged as one of the most pressing security concerns. Users typically encrypt their important data before uploading it to cloud servers to safeguard data privacy, which makes data usage challenging. On the other side, this also increases the possibility of brand-new issues in cities. A clever, effective and efficient urban monitoring system is required to address possible challenges that may arise in urban settings. In the smart city concept, which makes use of sensors, one strategy that might be used in IoT and cloud computing is to monitor and gather data on problems that develop in cities in real-time. However, it will take a while and be rather expensive to install IoT and sensors throughout the city. The Mobile Crowd-Sensing (MCS) method is proposed to be used in this study to retrieve and gather data on issues that arise in metropolitan areas from citizen reports made using mobile devices. And we suggest a budget-constrained, reputation-based collaborative user recruitment (RCUR) procedure for a MCS system. To construct an edge-assisted MCS system in urban situations, we first integrate edge computing into MCS. We also examine how user reputation affects user recruitment. Finally, we create a collaborative sensing approach using the edge nodes’ sensing capabilities

Optimizing horizontal scalability in cloud computing using simulated annealing for Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoTs) is a technology that connects sensor devices to the Internet to enable smarter and more intelligent communication. Today, many industries are using various IoT devices to create smart and intelligent environments. However, the sudden increase in demand has created a major challenge for IoT connections, known as scalability. Scalability refers to increasing and expanding the number of internet-connected devices for a specific application. To address this issue, we propose simulated annealing-based horizontal scaling to achieve faster and more efficient scaling to accommodate IoT devices. We explore different horizontal scaling methods and propose a Markov chain process to model the scaling. We then use simulated annealing to optimize the scaling visualized by the Markov chain process. Our goal is to focus on the flexible nature of horizontal scalability for adding various IoT devices and resources as needed. We have compared our proposed horizontal scalability optimization with vertical scalability, which has a built-in feature of elasticity. We have evaluated several parameters, such as cost, service rate, and transfer rate, and found that our proposal outperforms existing methods

Preventing the Next Pandemic: Is Live Vaccine Efficacious against Monkeypox, or Is There a Need for Killed Virus and mRNA Vaccines?

(1) Background: The monkeypox virus (MPV) is a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Poxviridae family, Chordopoxvirinae subfamily, and Orthopoxvirus genus. It was called monkeypox because it was first discovered in monkeys, in a Danish laboratory, in 1958. However, the actual reservoir for MPV is still unknown. (2) Methods and Results: We have reviewed the existing literature on the options for Monkeypox virus. There are three available vaccines for orthopoxviruses—ACAM2000, JYNNEOS, and LC16—with the first being a replicating vaccine and the latter being non- or minimally replicating. (3) Conclusions: Smallpox vaccinations previously provided coincidental immunity to MPV. ACAM2000 (a live-attenuated replicating vaccine) and JYNNEOS (a live-attenuated, nonreplicating vaccine) are two US FDA-approved vaccines that can prevent monkeypox. However, ACAM2000 may cause serious side effects, including cardiac problems, whereas JYNNEOS is associated with fewer complications. The recent outbreaks across the globe have once again highlighted the need for constant monitoring and the development of novel prophylactic and therapeutic modalities. Based on available data, there is still a need to develop an effective and safe new generation of vaccines specific for monkeypox that are killed or developed into a mRNA vaccine before monkeypox is declared a pandemic