A novel pyroformer system for biomass intermediate pyrolysis with in-situ char-promoted reforming (by char re-circulation) of pyrolysis vapours and potential integration of pyroformer with commercial scale fluidised bed gasifier to enable pyrogasification

Strong scientific evidence shows that anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions from usage of fossil fuels are responsible for global warming and climate change.Biomass is a sustainable and reliable resource for replacing fossil fuels to produce energy and chemicals through pyrolysis and gasification routes. Pyrolysis of biomass leads to three products i.e. bio-oil, non-condensable gas and char. Gasification of biomass leads to a syngas which consists of hydrogen, carbonmonoxide, carbon dioxide, ,methane, nitrogen water vapour and some C1-C4 gases.The objectives of this thesis included: to conduct tests on a twin-screw pyrolysisreactor (Pyroformer); to evaluate the effects of char recirculation on products; to characterise the bio-oil and char produced and characterise an in-situ blend of biodiesel/bio-oil; and to review the design of the Pyroformer and its coupling with a bubbling fluidised bed gasifier, thus enabling a novel concept of Pyrogasification.To observe the biomass and char flow characteristics, and to calculate the residence time and char to biomass ratio (C/B), cold flow tests were performed ina transparent model of 20 kg/h Pyroformer. Biomass throughput limitations were identified at different feeding rates and C/B.Pyrolysis tests were conducted in a Pyroformer with up to 10 kg/h feeding rates.It was observed that, during pyrolysis of dry digestate pellets, gas yield increased and liquid yield decreased at optimum C/B of 3.1 at 5 kg/h. The organic phase ofbio-oil for MSW had an HHV of 30.3 MJ/Kg and a very low total acid number of 0.2mgKOH/g.ENPlus certified wood pellets and miscanthus pellets were pyrolysed in a 100 kg/h Pyroformer with in-situ blending of bio-oil with biodiesel. Product yield of 21, 32and 47 wt% for liquid, char and gas fractions were observed for wood pellets; and31, 32 and 37 wt% with miscanthus. Bio-oil content in the blend was 19.75 and11.28 wt% for wood and miscanthus derived feed stocks. The heavy metal content in biochars met voluntary biochar standards for soil remediation. A gasifier commissioning test was done with hydrogen, CO, methane and CO2 yields of 13.3,17.3, 4 and 17 vol% at 818 °C

Double Weighted Weibull Distribution Properties and Application

This paper offering a new weighted distribution known as the Double Weighted Weibull Distribution (DWWD). The statistical properties of the (DWWD) are derived and discussed, including the mean, variance, coefficient of variation, moments, mode, reliability function, hazard function and the reverse hazard function. Also the parameters of this distribution are estimated by the maximum likelihood estimation method. The plots of survival function, hazard function and reverse hazard function of (DWWD) are also presented. The worth of the distribution has been demonstrated by applying it to real life data. Keywords:Weighted distribution, Double Weighted distribution, Weibull distribution, Reliability estimation

Impact Of crisis Awareness on Organizational Performance: A Strategic Leadership Perspective in SME’s

Purpose: This study is an attempt to examine the performance of the organization during the times of crisis. The larger part of the interest is to ensure that in future organizations remain resilient enough not to be affected by such crises. One of the vital elements of this study is to examine the moderating role of strategic leadership of SME’s in times of crisis. Any rumor or real time security threat could seriously challenge the prospective business opportunities especially in the tourism sector in Pakistan. In fact, this is one of the fragile business sectors exist in the modern world too. Methodology: The present study uses quantitative approach to empirically verify the impact of crisis situation awareness on organizational performance. The research uses tourism sector as unit of analysis. Survey questionnaire were distributed among the Owners, Operation Managers, Finance Managers, and the Administrators. Findings: Incharge of various travel and tourism companies and partial least square path modelling was used to draw meaningful conclusions. Results suggested that organizations which are more aware are in a better position to enhance their performance even in the times of crisis. Conclusion: The study concludes by suggesting that in the tourism industry as the majority of the organizations or stakeholders are SME’s hence combining or bringing all resources to one platform and planning for any challenge can enable them to perform at optimal level. Researcher recommends that there are areas are also available to conduct further research on learning from failures as early events in Pakistan like attack on tourists in Fairy Meadows area and learning how to avoid and minimize damages from such uncontrollable events

Appointing and Training Judges in Egypt and Comparative Systems

The topic of the paper is very important, as it comes up at a time when the Egyptians have come to a point that reforming Egypt’s justice system is a hopeless case. This is due to the outdated and inefficient way of thinking and performing in the judiciary. Thus the goal of this paper is to make an intellectual contribution to a sustainable reform program of the Egyptian judiciary and namely the systems of judicial appointment and judicial training using their roles as agents of progress and development. This aspiring research argues that the Higher Council of Judicial Entities and Bodies (hereinafter the Higher Council) is not necessarily threatening judicial independence but rather creating a balance between judicial independence and judicial accountability. However, some modifications must be made to its formation as a part of my proposals for reform. While the National Training Academy (hereinafter the NTA) is not appropriate nor ideal to train the members of the justice system because of the judicial leadership and ownership of the judicial training, thus, an independent body responsible for appointing and training judges shall be established and this will be displayed in my proposals for reform project at the end of this research paper

Tritrophic Association between Bt Cotton, Arthropod Pest and Natural Enemies

Benefits and harmful effects of Bt adoption technology are mainly related with cotton production where lot of insecticides are needed for management of arthropod herbivory and possible negative impact of crystalline Bt protein on parasitoids and predators is real. Therefore, current review information was focused that Bt should be selective for natural enemies and information was collected from different sources especially CAB abstracts as well as citations from many review articles and books. Usefulness of integrated pest management was highlighted with updated literature to cover the contents

Recent Trends in Gasification Based Waste-to-Energy

Addressing the contemporary waste management is seeing a shift towards energy production while managing waste sustainably. Consequently, waste treatment through gasification is slowly taking over the waste incineration with multiple benefits, including simultaneous waste management and energy production while reducing landfill volumes and displacing conventional fossil fuels. Only in the UK, there are around 14 commercial plants built to operate on gasification technology. These include fixed bed and fluidized bed gasification reactors. Ultra-clean tar free gasification of waste is now the best available technique and has experienced a significant shift from two-stage gasification and combustion towards a one-stage system for gasification and syngas cleaning. Nowadays in gasification sector, more companies are developing commercial plants with tar cracking and syngas cleaning. Moreover, gasification can be a practical scheme when applying ultra-clean syngas for a gas turbine with heat recovery by steam cycle for district heating and cooling (DHC) systems. This chapter aims to examine the recent trends in gasification-based waste-to-energy technologies. Furthermore, types of gasification technologies, their challenges and future perspectives in various applications are highlighted in detail

The Modified Double Weighted Exponential Distribution with Properties

The weighted distributions are widely used in many real life fields such as medicine, ecology, reliability, etc., for the development of proper statistical model. The concept of double weighted distribution was introduced by Al-khadim and Hantoosh (2013) and later has been studied by other researchers. In his article,  has been considered as suitable weight for efficient modeling of double weight exponential distribution. The statistical properties of the modified double weighted exponential distribution (MDWED) are explored. The Kolmogorov- Smirnov test has been used to choose a better fitted probability model. The result of this testshown that (MDWED) is more suitable distribution to fit rainfall data then (DWED) proposed by Al-khadim and Hantoosh (2013). Keywords:Weighted distribution, Exponential distribution, Moment Generating Function, Fisher information

Effect of storage on the physicochemical characteristics of the mango (Mangifera indica L.) variety, Langra

This study was carried out to evaluate “the effect of storage on the physicochemical composition of mango”. The experiment involved determination of the physicochemical compositions of moisture, total soluble solid (TSS), acidity, total sugar, reducing sugar, non reducing sugar, crude fat and ash. Washed mangoes were stored either at room temperature (25 ± 4°C) or storage temperature (4 ± 1°C) to determine their storage life. The results were statistically highly significant among all the observations at probability level of (P<0.01). Results indicate that increase in storage time increases the chemical compositions in the stored mangoes, except for acidity and fat that were decreased with the increase of storage time. Besides, refrigerator temperature increases shelf life of the stored mangoes than room temperature.Key words: Mango, Langra, storage conditions, chemical compositions

Differential Image Compression for Telemedicine: A Novel Approach

Telemedicine is one of the most emerging technologies of applied medical sciences. Medical information related to patients is transmitted and stored for references and consultations. Medical images occupy huge space; in order to transmit these images may delay the process of image transmission in critical times. Image compression techniques provide a better solution to combat bandwidth scarcity problems, and transmit same image in a much lower bandwidth requirements, more faster and at the same time maintain quality. In this paper a differential image compression method is developed in which medical images are taken from a wounded patient and are compressed to reduce the bit rate of these images. Results indicate that on average 25% compression on images is achieved with 3.5 MOS taken from medical doctors and other paramedical staff the ultimately user of the images